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The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: A New Instrument for Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research

¹ Department of Family Medicine, Program on Aging, Disability, and Long-Term Care Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
² Psychology and Research in Education, School of Education, University of Kansas Lawrence, Kan

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Timothy P. Daaleman, DO, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7595, Manning Drive Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7595, tim_daaleman{at}med.unc.edu

PURPOSE Despite considerable interest in examining spirituality in health-related quality-of-life studies, there is a paucity of instruments that measure this construct. The objective of this study was to test a valid and reliable measure of spirituality that would be useful in patient populations.

METHODS We conducted a multisite, cross-sectional survey using systematic sampling of adult outpatients at primary care clinic sites in the Kansas City metropolitan area (N = 523). We determined the instrument reliability (Cronbach’s , test-retest) and validity (confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validation) of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB).

RESULTS The SIWB contains 12 items: 6 from a self-efficacy domain and 6 from a life scheme domain. Confirmatory factor analysis found the following fit indices: ² (54, n = 508) = 508.35, P <.001; Comparative Fit Index = .98; Tucker-Lewis Index = .97; root mean square error of approximation = .13. The index had the following reliability results: for the self-efficacy subscale, = .86 and test-retest r = 0.77; for the life scheme subscale, = .89 and test-retest r = 0.86; and for the total scale = .91 and test-retest r = 0.79, showing very good reliability. The SIWB had significant and expected correlations with other quality-of-life instruments that measure well-being or spirituality: Zung Depression Scale (r = 0–.42, P <.001), General Well-Being Scale (r = 0.64, P <.001), and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) (r = 0.62, P <.001). There was a modest correlation between the religious well-being subscale of the SWB and the SIWB (r = 0.35, P <.001).

CONCLUSIONS The Spirituality Index of Well-Being is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in health-related quality-of-life studies.

Key Words: Spirituality • subjective well-being • measurement • questionnaires • data collection • quality of life

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. B. Frey, T. P. Daaleman, and V. Peyton Measuring a Dimension of Spirituality for Health Research: Validity of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being Research on Aging, September 1, 2005; 27(5): 556 - 577. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. C. Stange In this Issue: The Patient-Clinician Relationship and Practice-Based Network Research Ann. Fam. Med, September 1, 2004; 2(5): 386 - 387. [Full Text] [PDF]

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