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1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
2 Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
3 Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
4 School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
5 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif
6 Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, Calif
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: George W. Saba, PhD, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, Bldg 80, Ward 83, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, gsaba{at}medsch.ucsf.edu
PURPOSE Communication has been researched either as a set of behaviors or as a facet of the patient-physician relationship, often leading to conflicting results. To determine the relationship between these perspectives, we examined shared decision making (SDM) and the subjective experience of partnership for patients and physicians in primary care.
METHODS From a convenience sample of experienced primary care physicians in 3 clinics, we recruited a stratified sample of 18 English- or Spanish-speaking patients. Direct observation of visits was followed by videotape-triggered stimulated recall sessions with patients and physicians. We coded decision moments for objective evidence of SDM, using a structured instrument. We classified patients’ and physicians’ subjective experience of partnership as positive or negative by a consensus analysis of stimulated recall sessions. We combined results from these 2 analyses to generate 4 archetypes of engagements and used grounded theory to identify themes associated with each archetype.
RESULTS The 18 visits yielded 125 decisions, 62 (50%) of which demonstrated SDM. Eighty-two decisions were discussed in stimulated recall and available for combined analysis, resulting in 4 archetypes of engagement in decision making: full engagement (SDM present, subjective experience positive)—22%; simulated engagement (SDM present, subjective experience negative)—38%; assumed engagement (SDM absent, subjective experience positive)—21%; and nonengagement (SDM absent, subjective experience negative)—19%. Thematic analysis revealed that both relationship factors (eg, trust, power) and communication behavior influenced subjective experience of partnership.
CONCLUSIONS Combining direct observation and assessment of the subjective experience of partnership suggests that communication behavior does not ensure an experience of collaboration, and a positive subjective experience of partnership does not reflect full communication. Attempts to enhance patient-physician partnership must attend to both effective communication style and affective relationship dynamics.
Key Words: Physician-patient relations • decision making • qualitative research • communication • collaboration
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