Annals of Family Medicine 4:351-358 (2006)
© 2006 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
doi: 10.1370/afm.547
Syndromic Surveillance for Emerging Infections in Office Practice Using Billing Data
Philip D. Sloane, MD, MPH1,2,
Jennifer K. MacFarquhar, RN, BSN, CIC3,
Emily Sickbert-Bennett, MS4,
C. Madeline Mitchell, MURP2,
Roger Akers, MS2,
David J. Weber, MD, MPH3 and
Kevin Howard, MD5
1 Department of Family Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
2 Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
3 Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
4 Department of Hospital Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina Health-care System
5 Dayspring Family Medicine, Eden, NC


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Figure 1. Daily number of respiratory syndrome codes reported by Dayspring Family Medicine and by emergency departments in the 6 surrounding counties, 15 November 2003 through 15 January 2004.
Note: Circles represent days when the surveillance threshold of 2 SD was exceeded.
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Figure 2. Flow chart of proposed primary-carebased syndromic surveillance system.
ICD-9 = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.
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Copyright © 2006 by the Annals of Family Medicine.