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Annals of Family Medicine 5:492-502 (2007)
© 2007 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
doi: 10.1370/afm.746
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Pursuing Equity: Contact With Primary Care and Specialist Clinicians by Demographics, Insurance, and Health Status

Robert L. Ferrer, MD, MPH

Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1. Fraction of population with any access of specified clinician type—adults: disaggregated by income, insurance status, race/ethnicity, and rural or urban residence.

Note: Age- and sex-adjusted estimates, by population subgroups, of the fraction of adults who made any visit in 2004 to specific clinician types. Error bars display 95% confidence intervals for the point estimates.

FM = family medicine; GIM = general internal medicine; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; NP = nurse-practitioner; PA = physician’s assistant.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2. Fraction of population with any access of specified clinician type—children: disaggregated by income, insurance status, race/ethnicity, and rural or urban residence.

Note: Age- and sex-adjusted estimates, by population subgroup, of the fraction of children who made any visit in 2004 to specific clinician types. Error bars display 95% confidence intervals for the point estimates.

FM = family medicine; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; NP = nurse practitioner; PA = physician‘s assistant; Ped = pediatrics;

 

Figure 3
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Figure 3
Figure 3
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  		Figure 3. Odds ratios of any access by clinician type—adults.

Note: Each panel displays results from a separate multivariate logistic regression equation; the dependent variable was any visit to the specified clinician type in 2004. Adjusted odds ratios appear on the y-axis, simultaneously adjusting for age, sex, income, health insurance status, race/ethnicity, and rural/urban residence. Reference groups were, respectively, high income, private insurance, white non-Hispanic, and MSA resident. Error bars display 95% confidence intervals for the odds ratios. Horizontal line is drawn at odds ratio = 1.

MSA=metropolitan statistical area.

 

Figure 4
Figure 4
Figure 4
Figure 4
Figure 4
View larger version (77K):
[in this window]
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  		Figure 4. Odds ratios of any access by clinician type—children.

Note: Each panel displays results from a separate multivariate logistic regression equation; the dependent variable was any visit to the specified clinician type in 2004. Adjusted odds ratios appear on the y-axis, simultaneously adjusting for age, sex, income, health insurance status, race/ethnicity, and rural/urban residence. Reference groups were, respectively, high income, private insurance, white non-Hispanic, and MSA resident. Error bars display 95% confidence intervals for the odds ratios. Horizontal line is drawn at odds ratio = 1.

MSA = metropolitan statistical area.

 




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