Patient Characteristics
| Characteristic | Intervention Group N = 2,065 | Control Group N = 1,797 |
|---|---|---|
| Age, No. (%), y | ||
| 18-44 | 384 (18.6) | 440 (24.5) |
| 45-64 | 969 (46.9) | 978 (54.4) |
| >64 | 712 (34.5) | 379 (21.1) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||
| Male | 661 (32.0) | 675 (37.6) |
| Female | 1,191 (57.7) | 1,121 (62.4) |
| Unknown | 212 (10.3) | |
| Insurance status, %a | ||
| Medicare | 31.8 | 27.9 |
| Medicaid | 22.7 | 0.59 |
| Private insurance/commercial | 32.1 | 60.5 |
| TRICARE/CHAMPUS | 1.8 | 0 |
| No insurance (self-pay) | 7.2 | 0 |
| Other/unknown | 4.3 | 11.0 |
CHAMPUS = Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services.
↵a Insurance status reflects that of all patients seen at the study sites, not just those on long-term opioid therapy. Percentages were provided by clinic managers without patient numbers. Insurance status of the control group reflects that of all patients enrolled in the health plan at the time of the study (N = 414,196).