RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Case Study With a Participatory Approach: Rethinking Pragmatics of Stakeholder Engagement for Implementation Research JF The Annals of Family Medicine JO Ann Fam Med FD American Academy of Family Physicians SP 540 OP 546 DO 10.1370/afm.2717 VO 19 IS 6 A1 Catherine Hudon A1 Maud-Christine Chouinard A1 Mathieu Bisson A1 Alya Danish A1 Marlène Karam A1 Ariane Girard A1 Pierre-Luc Bossé A1 Mireille Lambert YR 2021 UL http://www.annfammed.org/content/19/6/540.abstract AB The case study design is particularly useful for implementation analysis of complex health care innovations in primary care that can be influenced by the context of dynamic environments. Case studies may be combined with participatory approaches where academics conduct joint research with nonacademic stakeholders, to foster translation of findings results into practice. The aim of this article is to clarify epistemological and methodological considerations of case studies with a participatory approach. It also aims to propose best practice recommendations when using this case study approach. We distinguish between the participatory case study with full co-construction and co-governance, and the case study with a participatory approach whereby stakeholders are consulted in certain phases of the research. We then compare the epistemological posture of 3 prominent case study methodologists, Yin, Stake, and Merriam, to present the epistemological posture of case studies with a participatory approach. The relevance, applications, and procedures of a case study with a participatory approach methodology are illustrated through a concrete example of a primary care research program (PriCARE). We propose 12 steps for designing and conducting a case study with a participatory approach that may help guide researchers in the implementation analysis of complex health care innovations in primary care.