PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Laura Plantinga
AU  - Vanessa Grubbs
AU  - Urmimala Sarkar
AU  - Chi-yuan Hsu
AU  - Elizabeth Hedgeman
AU  - Bruce Robinson
AU  - Rajiv Saran
AU  - Linda Geiss
AU  - Nilka Ríos Burrows
AU  - Mark Eberhardt
AU  - Neil Powe
TI  - Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use Among Persons With Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
AID  - 10.1370/afm.1302
DP  - 2011 Sep 01
TA  - The Annals of Family Medicine
PG  - 423--430
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
4099  - http://www.annfammed.org/content/9/5/423.short
4100  - http://www.annfammed.org/content/9/5/423.full
SO  - Ann Fam Med2011 Sep 01; 9
AB  - PURPOSE Because avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is recommended for most individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we sought to characterize patterns of NSAID use among persons with CKD in the United States. METHODS A total of 12,065 adult (aged 20 years or older) participants in the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) responded to a questionnaire regarding their use of over-the-counter and prescription NSAIDs. NSAIDs (excluding aspirin and acetaminophen) were defined by self-report. CKD was categorized as no CKD, mild CKD (stages 1 and 2; urinary albumin-creatinine ratio of ≥30 mg/g) and moderate to severe CKD (stages 3 and 4; estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m2). Adjusted prevalence was calculated using multivariable logistic regression with appropriate population-based weighting. RESULTS Current use (nearly every day for 30 days or longer) of any NSAID was reported by 2.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0% of the US population with no, mild, and moderate to severe CKD, respectively; nearly all of the NSAIDs used were available over-the-counter. Among those with moderate to severe CKD who were currently using NSAIDs, 10.2% had a current NSAID prescription and 66.1% had used NSAIDs for 1 year or longer. Among those with CKD, disease awareness was not associated with reduced current NSAID use: (3.8% vs 3.9%, aware vs unaware; P=.979). CONCLUSIONS Physicians and other health care clinicians should be aware of use of NSAIDs among those with CKD in the United States and evaluate NSAID use in their CKD patients.