PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Dupouy, Julie AU - Palmaro, Aurore AU - Fatséas, Mélina AU - Auriacombe, Marc AU - Micallef, Joëlle AU - Oustric, Stéphane AU - Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse TI - Mortality Associated With Time in and Out of Buprenorphine Treatment in French Office-Based General Practice: A 7-Year Cohort Study AID - 10.1370/afm.2098 DP - 2017 Jul 01 TA - The Annals of Family Medicine PG - 355--358 VI - 15 IP - 4 4099 - http://www.annfammed.org/content/15/4/355.short 4100 - http://www.annfammed.org/content/15/4/355.full SO - Ann Fam Med2017 Jul 01; 15 AB - In France, most cases of opioid use disorder are treated with buprenorphine by general practitioners in private practice. Using reimbursement data of a representative sample of the French population, Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires, we investigated mortality during periods when patients were in and out of treatment in a cohort of 713 new users of buprenorphine having a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.5 (1.5) years. The mortality rate was 0.63 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.40–0.85) overall. In a multivariate Cox regression model, compared with being in treatment, being out of treatment was associated with a markedly increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 29.04; 95% CI, 10.04–83.99). Buprenorphine appears to be a strong protective factor against mortality.