Table 1

Practice Descriptions and Characteristics of Clinicians Interviewed in Each

Practice and Clinician IDAge Range, YSexDegree/SpecialtyLeadership Role (Y/N)Years at Practice
Practice 01: Large,a suburban, independent, physician-owned; NCQA Level 3
 P01-MD151-60MMD/IMY11-20
 P01-MD241-50FMD/IMY11-20
 P01-MD341-50FMD/IMY11-20
 P01-PA121-30FPAN1-5
Practice 02: Medium,b suburban, independent, physician-owned; NCQA Level 3
 P02-MD141-50MMD/FMY21+
 P02-MD241-50FMD/FMY11-20
Practice 03: Medium,b suburban, hospital health system-owned; NCQA Level 3
 P03-MD131-40FMD/FMY6-10
 P03-MD251-60FMD/FMN21+
 P03-MD361-70FMD/FMN21+
Practice 04: Medium,b rural, FQHC; NCQA Level 3
 P04-MD151-60MMD/FMY21+
 P04-MD251-60MMD/FMY21+
 P04-PA121-30FPAN1-5
Practice 05: Small,c small city, health system-owned; NCQA Level 3
 P05-MD171-80MMD/FMY21+
 P05-MD261-70MMD/FMY6-10
 P05-NP161-70FNPN21+
Practice 06: Medium,b rural, health system-owned FQHC; NCQA Level 3
 P06-MD141-50MMD/FMY11-20
 P06-MD251-60FMD/FMN11-20
 P06-MD361-70FMD/FMN21+
Practice 07: Small,c urban, university nurse-led FQHC; Not participating in NCQA
 P07-NP151-60FNPN1-5
 P07-NP221-30FNPN1-5
 P07-NP321-30FNPN1-5
 P07-NP451-60FNPY1-5
Practice 08: Small,c suburban, Independent, physician-owned; NCQA Level 3
 P08-MD141-50FDO/FMY11-20
 P08-MD261-70MMD/FMY21+
Practice 09: Medium,b urban, capitated, non-profit, independent; NCQA Level 3
 P09-MD161-70MMD/FMY6-10
Practice 10: Large,a urban, academic hospital health system-owned; NCQA Level 3
 P10-MD151-60MMD/IMY1-5
 P10-MD241-50MMD/IMN1-5
 P10-PA131-40FPAN1-5
Practice 11: Medium,b suburban, VA; Not participating in NCQA
 P11-MD151-60FMD/IMN11-20
Practice 12: Medium,b urban, independent, physician-owned, multi-site, DPC, Not participating in NCQA
 P12-MD131-40MMD/FMN1-5
 P12-MD241-50FMD/FMY6-10
 P12-MD341-50FMD/FMY6-10
 P12-PA131-40FPAN1-5
Practice 13: Small,c suburban, independent, Medicare Advantage; Not participating in NCQA
 P13-MD141-50MMD/FMY1-5
 P13-MD251-60FDO/FMN<1
 P13-MD351-60MMD/FMN1-5
Practice 14: Small,c small city, independent, physician-owned, DPC, Not participating in NCQA
 P14-MD131-40MMD/FMY1-5
 P14-MD241-50MMD/FMY1-5
  • DO = doctor of osteopathic medicine; DPC = direct primary care; F = female; FM = family medicine; FQHC = Federally Qualified Health Center; ID = identification; IM = internal medicine; M = male; MD = medical doctor; NCQA = National Committee for Quality Assurance; NP = nurse practitioners; PA = physician assistant; VA = Veterans Administration.

  • a Large = >10 physicians.

  • b Medium = 5-10 physicians.

  • c Small = <5 physicians.