Results of Group Effect on Outcome Measures Using Linear Mixed Modelsa
| Measurement | 16 Weeks | 26 Weeks | 52 Weeks | Overall Trendb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | ||||
| WOMAC (pain) | −4.81 (−13.47 to 3.85) | −9.73 (−18.39 to −1.07)c | −10.34 (−19.20 to −1.49)c | −8.26 (−14.83 to −1.69)c |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| WOMAC (stiffness) | −0.74 (−11.06 to 9.58) | −5.79 (−16.11 to 4.53) | −8.01 (−18.56 to 2.54) | −4.73 (−12.61 to 3.15) |
| WOMAC (function) | −4.50 (−12.49 to 3.49) | −6.71 (−14.70 to 1.28) | −9.55 (−17.72 to −1.39)c | −6.84 (−12.99 to −0.69)c |
| WOMAC (composite) | −4.33 (−12.27 to 3.62) | −7.34 (−15.28 to 0.61) | −9.65 (−17.77 to −1.53)c | −7.03 (−13.14 to −0.92)c |
| Pain intensity (VAS) | −3.70 (−13.83 to 6.43) | −6.73 (−16.86 to 3.40) | −10.98 (−21.36 to −0.61)c | −7.02 (−14.50 to 0.46) |
| Timed up and go | −1.13 (−2.74 to 0.49) | −1.73 (−3.34 to −0.12)c | −0.3 (−2.38 to 0.92) | −1.22 (−2.46 to 0.02) |
| 30-second chair stand | 0.02 (−0.96 to 0.99) | 0.81 (−0.17 to 1.78) | 0.03 (−0.96 to 1.03) | 0.30 (−0.48 to 1.08) |
| 40-m fast-paced walk | −1.07 (−4.29 to 2.16) | −2.62 (−5.84 to 0.61) | −1.78 (−5.07 to 1.51) | −1.84 (−4.40 to 0.71) |
| EuroQol-5D VAS | … | 4.26 (−2.83 to 11.36) | 8.64 (1.36 to 15.92)c | 6.36 (0.74-11.98)c |
| EuroQol-5D index score | … | 0.10 (−0.004 to 0.21) | 0.08 (−0.02 to 0.19) | 0.09 (0.01-0.18)c |
VAS = visual analogue scale; WOMAC = Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index.
↵a The data are shown as interaction term between treatment variable and time (95% CI). Normal saline group as the reference group.
↵b Overall treatment effect is examined with time indicator 0 for baseline and 1 for follow-up visits.
↵c P value <.05.