County Variables in the Development and Validation Groups
| Variable | Value, Median (IQR) or Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Development Group (n = 1,513) | Validation Group (n = 1,513) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||
| Population of minority race,a % | 10.6 (3.5-30.1) | 10.7 (3.6-29.1) |
| Median annual income, $ | 46,340 (40,201-53,508) | 47,107 (40,454-54,519) |
| Family poverty rate, % | 11.8 (8.3-15.4) | 11.2 (8.1-15.0) |
| Population without high school diploma, % | 13.4 (9.9-19.3) | 13.0 (9.4-18.5) |
| Population with ≥4 years of college, % | 18.0 (14.0-23.8) | 18.3 (14.3-24.1) |
| Population uninsured, % | 21.4 (16.9-26.4) | 21.4 (16.6-25.8) |
| Population unemployed, % | 5.3 (4.2-6.6) | 5.3 (4.2-6.5) |
| Metropolitan areab | 0.38 (0.48) | 0.40 (0.48) |
| Food/lifestyle environment | ||
| Density of grocery storesc | 0.20 (0.15-0.28) | 0.20 (0.14-0.28) |
| Density of convenience storesc | 0.55 (0.41-0.71) | 0.55 (0.41-0.73) |
| Grocery store ratiod | 0.36 (0.25-0.50) | 0.37 (0.25-0.54) |
| Density of fast-food restaurantsc | 0.58 (0.42-0.73) | 0.59 (0.43-0.75) |
| Density of full-service restaurantsc | 0.69 (0.50-0.90) | 0.68 (0.50-0.89) |
| Fast-food restaurant ratioe | 0.90 (0.59-1.19) | 0.88 (0.57-1.17) |
| Soda price ratiof | 0.97 (0.95-1.01) | 0.97 (0.95-1.03) |
| Soda tax rate, % | 5.00 (1.50-6.15) | 5.00 (1.23-6.15) |
| Tax-adjusted soda price, $ per liter | 1.03 (0.99-1.06) | 1.02 (0.99-1.06) |
| Density of recreation facilitiesc | 0.63 (0.00-1.13) | 0.63 (0.00-1.15) |
| Health care resources | ||
| Density of primary care physiciansc | 0.49 (0.31-0.72) | 0.48 (0.30-0.71) |
| Density of specialistsc | 0.19 (0.06-0.45) | 0.19 (0.05-0.49) |
| Density of nonphysician health care professionalsc | 1.13 (0.75-1.66) | 1.12 (0.69-1.68) |
| Density of community health facilitiesc | 0.06 (0.01-0.15) | 0.05 (0.01-0.15) |
| Density of hospitalsc | 0.03 (0.01-0.06) | 0.03 (0.01-0.06) |
IQR = interquartile range.
↵a Race other than white.
↵b Based on Rural-Urban Continuum Codes; a dichotomous variable (1 = metropolitan area, 0 = nonmetropoli-tan area). Expressed as mean (SD).
↵c Per 1,000 residents.
↵d Ratio of the number of grocery stores to the number of convenience stores.
↵e Ratio of the number of fast-food restaurants to the number of full-service restaurants.
↵f Ratio of the local average price of soda to the national average price.