Impact of Secured Prescription Implementation for Zolpidem on Hypnotics Use in France (in Number of Reimbursed Defined Daily Doses per Month; Unit is 1,000 DDDs)
| Prior Trend (1/15–3/17) No. (95% CI) | Level Change (Intervention Time: 4/17) No. (95% CI) | Trend Change (5/17–3/18 vs 1/15–3/17) No. (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zolpidem | −2.95 (−4.79 to −1.12) | −161.87 (−215.42 to −108.32) | −14.39 (−20.87 to −7.91) |
| Zopiclone | −0.76 (−2.06 to 0.54) | 64.87 (26.92 to 102.82) | 6.62 (2.02 to 11.21) |
| Estazolam | −0.06 (−0.11 to −0.01) | −1.44 (−2.88 to 0.00) | −0.10 (−0.27 to 0.07) |
| Nitrazepam | −0.12 (−0.23 to −0.01) | 3.17 (0.01 to 6.32) | −0.41 (−0.80 to −0.03) |
| Loprazolam | −0.28 (−0.47 to −0.08) | 4.76 (−0.85 to 10.36) | 0.31 (−0.37 to 0.98) |
| Lormetazepam | 0.11 (−0.74 to 0.96) | 17.69 (−7.18 to 42.55) | 2.42 (−0.59 to 5.43) |
| Alimémazine | 0.05 (−0.32 to 0.43) | 4.18 (−6.70 to 15.06) | −1.16 (−2.47 to 0.16) |
| Zolpidem + zopiclone (equivalent zolpidem) | −3.71 (−6.16 to −1.27) | −97.00 (−168.40 to −25.61) | −7.77 (−16.42 to 0.87) |
| All except alimémazine (equivalent zolpidem) | −4.31 (−8.17 to −0.45) | −69.66 (−182.32 to 43.00) | −4.95 (−18.59 to 8.69) |