Table 1.

Observational and Nonhuman Subjects Study Appraisal Results

Publication	Study Type	Overall Study Assessment^{^a}	Appropriate Study Design	Prospective Calculation of Study Size	Blinding of Patients and Personnel	Patient Selection/Inclusion Criteria	Subject Comparability	Appropriate Endpoints	Assessment of Outcomes/Exposure	Follow-Up/Handling of Missing Data	Reporting	Confounding	Appropriate Statistical Analysis
Davies et al⁹	Nonrandomized trial	High	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Liu et al¹⁰	Nonrandomized trial	High	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Rengasamy et al¹¹	Laboratory efficacy study	High	Yes	No	No	…	…	Yes	Yes	…	Yes	Yes	Yes
van der Sande et al¹²	Nonrandomized trial	High	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Furuhashi¹³	Laboratory efficacy study	Moderate	Yes	No	No	…	…	Yes	Yes	…	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ma et al¹⁴	Laboratory efficacy study	Moderate	Yes	No	No	…	…	Yes	Yes	…	Yes	Yes	Yes
Quesnel¹⁵	Single-case experiment	Low	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Sellers et al¹⁶	Nonrandomized trial	Low	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes

↵a Determined by review of 11 appraisal domains in context of study strengths and weaknesses.