Characteristics of Included Studies (N = 8)
| Study Author, Year (Location) | Condition/Symptoms; Setting; Agea | Groupsb | Cointerventions | No. Randomizedc | Outcomes Assessed Here (Outcome Assessment Tool) | Time of Outcome Assessmentd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown et al,23,36,42 2007 (UK) | LUTS; outpatient clinic; group 1: 63 years, group 2: 63 years | Self-management vs usual care | Escalation of medication or surgery at discretion of patient and clinician | 73/67 | Symptom severity (IPSS); quality of life (AUA-QoL score); nocturia episodes; 24-hour voiding frequency | 3, 6, 12 monthse |
| Chen et al,26 2012 (China) | LUTS with BPH; outpatient clinic; group 1: 71 years, group 2: 69 years | Self-management vs usual care | BPH education | 119/103 | Symptom severity (IPSS); quality of life (BPH-QoL score) | 1 week, 3 months, 6 months |
| Burgio et al (MOTIVE trial),29,43,44 2011 (USA) | OAB: urgency and frequency ± urge incontinence; community and Veterans Affairs Medical Centers; group 1: 63 years, group 2: 64 years | Behavioral treatment vs antimuscarinic (oxybutynin 5 to 39 mg daily individually titrated) | Fluid management handout, bladder diary, and α-blocker | 73/70 | Symptom severity (AUA-SI); 24-hour voiding frequency (7-day bladder diary); nocturia episodes | 8 weeks |
| Johnson et al (BEDTiMe trial),31,45 2016 (USA) | Nocturia; primary care clinics; group 1: 66 years, group 2: 63 years, group 3: 67 years | Behavioral treatment and exercise therapy vs α-blocker (tamsulosin 0.4 mg nightly) vs behavioral treatment and exercise + α-blocker (tamsulosin 0.4 mg nightly) | Antimuscarinic, 5-α reductase inhibitor, sedative-hypnotic as needed | 23/25/24 | Nocturia episodes (AUA-SI nocturia question) | 2, 4, 10, 12 weeks |
| Hut et al,27 2017 (Netherlands) | LUTS: moderate to severe; primary care clinics; 51-82 years | Pelvic floor muscle therapy + behavioral treatment vs α-blocker (tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily) | None | 22/19 | Symptom severity (IPSS) | 3 months |
| Burgio et al (COBALT trial),30,46,47 2018 (USA) | OAB: urgency and frequency; community; group 1: 63 years, group 2: 65 years, group 3: 63 years | Behavioral treatment vs antimuscarinic + α-blocker (tolterodine 4 mg + tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily) vs behavioral treatment + antimuscarinic + α-blocker (tolterodine 4 mg + tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily) | None | 71/68/65 | Symptom severity (AUA-SI); 24-hour voiding frequency (7-day bladder diary); nocturia episodes (AUA-SI nocturia question) | 6 weeks |
| Paterson et al,32 1997 (Australia) | Postmicturition dribble; outpatient clinic; 36-83 years | Counseling vs pelvic muscle exercises vs urethral milking | None | 15/15/1 3f | Urine loss (weight of incontinence pad) | 5, 9, 13 weeks |
| Spigt et al,28 2006 (Netherlands) | LUTS: moderate; general practice clinics; 55-75 years | Increased water consumption vs placebo | None | 70/71 | Symptom severity (IPSS) | 6 months |
AUA-QoL = American Urological Association Quality of Life score; AUA-SI = American Urological Association Symptom Index; BEDTiMe = Behavior and Exercise Versus Drug Treatment in Men With Nocturia; BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia; COBALT = Combined Behavioral and Drug Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Men; IPSS = International Prostate Symptom Score; LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms; MOTIVE = Male Overactive Bladder Treatment in Veterans; OAB = overactive bladder.
↵aMean or range. Groups are described in next column.
↵bAs described by study authors. Intervention content varies despite similar titles.
↵cGroup 1/group 2/group 3.
↵dFrom randomization unless otherwise indicated.
↵eUnclear whether time from randomization, start of intervention, or end of intervention.
↵fOnly the number analyzed was available (43 of 49 randomized).