Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 262)
| Characteristic | App-Treatment (n = 131)a | Usual Care (n = 131)a |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.2 (12.8) | 51.3 (10.3) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.6 (5.5) | 28.0 (5.2) |
| Higher educational level, No. (%)b | 53 (52.0) | 48 (51.6) |
| ≥1 Vaginal births, No. (%) | 111 (85.4) | 105 (80.2) |
| Postmenopausal, No. (%) | 64 (49.2) | 59 (45.0) |
| Recruitment type, No. (%) | ||
| General practitioner | 76 (58.0) | 76 (58.0) |
| Lay press or social media | 55 (42.0) | 55 (42.0) |
| Duration of UI, median (IQR), y | 7 (4-14) | 8 (4-13) |
| Type of UI, No. (%) | ||
| Stress | 50 (38.2) | 60 (45.8) |
| Mixed, stress predominant | 37 (28.2) | 33 (25.2) |
| Urgency | 12 (9.2) | 10 (7.6) |
| Mixed, urgency predominant | 32 (24.4) | 28 (21.4) |
| Previous treatment for UI, No. (%) | ||
| None | 99 (76.2) | 95 (72.5) |
| Pessary | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) |
| Physical therapist | 31 (23.8) | 35 (26.7) |
| Incontinence severity | ||
| ICIQ-UI-SF score, mean (SD)c | 9.5 (3.2) | 10.3 (3.4) |
| ICIQ-LUTS-QoL score, mean (SD)d | 33.9 (8.3) | 33.4 (7.8) |
| UI episodes per day, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.33-2.33) | 1.0 (0.33-2.33) |
app = application; ICIQ-LUTS-QoL = International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire lower urinary tract symptoms quality of life; ICIQ-UI-SF = ICIQ Urinary Incontinence Short Form; IQR = interquartile range; UI = urinary incontinence.
↵aNumber for analysis ranged from 102 to 131 for the app-treatment group and from 93 to 131 for the usual care group. Some data were missing for the baseline assessment (1 patient) and the baseline questionnaires (3 patients).
↵bAssessed at follow-up. Higher: third-level education (vs lower: high school or less).
↵cPossible range of scores: 0-21. Higher scores correlate with worse incontinence.
↵dPossible range of scores: 19-76. Higher scores correlate with a greater impact of incontinence on quality of life.