Description of Included Studies and Distribution of Potential Effect Modifiers
| All Studiesa n (%) | Psy vs CAU n (%) | Psy vs Pha n (%) | Pha vs Comb n (%) | Psy vs WL n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | |||||
| Screening | |||||
| Yes | 19 (30.6) | 12 (30.8) | 7 (41.2) | 3 (60.0) | 0 (0) |
| No | 43 (69.4) | 27 (69.2) | 10 (58.8) | 2 (40.0) | 6 (100.0) |
| Target group | |||||
| Adults | 50 (80.6) | 31 (79.5) | 13 (76.5) | 4 (80.0) | 6 (100.0) |
| Specific groupb | 12 (19.4) | 8 (20.5) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) |
| Psychotherapy | |||||
| Type | |||||
| CBT | 32 (51.6) | 22 (56.4) | 3 (17.6) | 2 (40.0) | 5 (83.3) |
| IPT | 6 (9.7) | 3 (7.7) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) |
| PST | 8 (12.9) | 2 (5.1) | 6 (35.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) |
| Supportive | 5 (8.1) | 3 (7.7) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 11 (17.7) | 9 (23.1) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (16.7) |
| Format | |||||
| Individual | 39 (62.9) | 24 (61.5) | 13 (76.5) | 4 (80.0) | 2 (33.3) |
| Group/GSH mixed | 23 (37.1) | 15 (38.5) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (66.7) |
| Adequate | 28 (45.2) | 22 (56.4) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (60.0) | 1 (16.7) |
| Pharmacotherapy | |||||
| Type | |||||
| SSRI | 7 (11.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 9 (14.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (41.2) | 3 (60.0) | 0 (0) |
| None | 46 (74.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Adequate | 9 (56.3)c | 0 (0) | 8 (47.1) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0) |
| General study characteristics | |||||
| Country | |||||
| North America | 9 (14.5) | 6 (15.4) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) |
| Europe | 40 (64.5) | 24 (61.5) | 11 (64.7) | 4 (80.0) | 6 (100.0) |
| Other | 13 (21.0) | 9 (23.1) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Risk of bias | |||||
| Low | 28 (45.2) | 15 (38.5) | 8 (47.1) | 4 (80.0) | 2 (33.3) |
| At least some | 34 (54.8) | 24 (61.5) | 9 (52.9) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (67.7) |
| Total | 62 (100.0) | 39 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | 5 (100.0) | 6 (100.0) |
CAU = care as usual; CBT = cognitive behavior therapy; Comb = combined treatment; GSH = guided self-help; IPT = interpersonal psychotherapy; Pha = pharmacotherapy; PST = problem-solving therapy; Psy = psychotherapy; SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; WL = waitlist.
↵a Includes all 62 comparisons.
↵b Specific groups refer to older adults (García-Peña, 2015; Joling, 2011; Laidlaw, 2008; Serfaty, 2009; Scogin, 2018; Williams, 2000),44-49 women with postpartum depression (Chibanda, 2014; Sharp, 2010),50-51 minorities (Dwight-Johnson, 2011; Gater, 2010),52-53 and patients with comorbid headache/migraine.54 See Supplemental Appendix 4 for complete references for all studies.
↵c This is 56.3% of the 16 studies that included pharmacotherapy.