Characteristics by Engagement Status
| Characteristic | Not Engaged (n = 123) | Engaged (n = 167) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 64.0 (10.1) | 62.6 (10.2) | .27 |
| Sex: male, No. (%) | 122 (99.2) | 161 (96.4) | .13 |
| Race: Black, No. (%) | 73 (59.3) | 108 (65.1) | .61 |
| Education >high school graduate, No. (%) | 36 (29.3) | 54 (32.3) | .58 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 9.1 (1.7) | 9.1 (1.7) | .94 |
| Employed, No. (%) | 30 (24.6) | 44 (26.7) | .69 |
| Annual income, <$30,000, No. (%) | 60 (59.4) | 82 (56.2) | .61 |
| Finds it easy to get close to others, No. (%) | 85 (69.1) | 126 (75.4) | .23 |
| Diabetes self-management: fair/poor, No. (%) | 54 (43.9) | 91 (54.5) | .08 |
| Self-reported health status: fair/poor, No. (%) | 57 (46.3) | 72 (43.1) | .58 |
| Satisfied with VA health care, No. (%) | 113 (91.9) | 157 (94.0) | .20 |
| Type 2 diabetes distress score, mean (SD)a | 71.5 (26.0) | 74.5 (22.1) | .31 |
| Medication adherence score, mean (SD)a | 90.9 (20.7) | 89.6 (20.7) | .60 |
| Exercise score, mean (SD)a | 43.8 (32.4) | 40.6 (31.6) | .41 |
| Coach autonomy supportiveness scale score, (SD)a | 70.7 (24.7) | 85.4 (16.0) | <.001 |
HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; VA = Veterans Affairs.
↵a Possible values range from 1 to 100, with higher values indicating higher level of distress, greater medication adherence, higher frequency of exercise, and higher level of perceived autonomy supportiveness, respectively.