Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Continuity of Primary Care
| Patient Characteristic | Level of Relational Continuity of Primary Care | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor | Moderate | High | Overall | |
| Patients, No. (%) | 16,143 (18.7) | 25,948 (30.0) | 44,384 (51.3) | 86,475 (100.0) |
| CKD stage, No. (%)a | ||||
| 3a | 9,153 (56.7) | 15,489 (59.7) | 27,274 (61.5) | 51,916 (60.0) |
| 3b | 5,145 (31.9) | 7,960 (30.7) | 13,313 (30.0) | 26,418 (30.5) |
| 4 | 1,845 (11.4) | 2,499 (9.6) | 3,797 (8.6) | 8,141 (9.4) |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 76.1 (12.6) | 75.7 (11.4) | 76.2 (10.5) | 76.0 (11.2) |
| Age category, y, No. (%) | ||||
| 18-44 | 360 (2.2) | 357 (1.4) | 364 (0.8) | 1,081 (1.3) |
| 45-64 | 2,469 (15.3) | 3,930 (15.1) | 5,880 (13.2) | 12,279 (14.2) |
| 65-74 | 3,611 (22.4) | 6,697 (25.8) | 11,926 (26.9) | 22,234 (25.7) |
| 75-84 | 5,571 (34.5) | 9,492 (36.6) | 17,326 (39.0) | 32,389 (37.5) |
| ≥85 | 4,132 (25.6) | 5,472 (21.1) | 8,888 (20.0) | 18,492 (21.4) |
| Female, No. (%) | 9,571 (59.3) | 14,902 (57.4) | 24,483 (55.2) | 48,956 (56.6) |
| Location of residence, | No. (%) | |||
| Urban | 13,221 (82.0) | 21,978 (84.7) | 40,339 (90.9) | 75,538 (87.4) |
| Rural | 2,909 (18.0) | 3,932 (15.2) | 3,988 (9.0) | 10,829 (12.5) |
| Albuminuria, No. (%) | ||||
| Normal/mild (A1) | 7,601 (47.1) | 13,458 (51.9) | 23,991 (54.1) | 45,050 (52.1) |
| Moderate (A2) | 2,021 (12.5) | 3,221 (12.4) | 5,660 (12.8) | 10,902 (12.6) |
| Severe (A3) | 1,440 (8.9) | 2,007 (7.7) | 2,979 (6.7) | 6,426 (7.4) |
| Unmeasured | 5,081 (31.5) | 7,262 (28.0) | 11,754 (26.5) | 24,097 (27.9) |
| Median household income quintile, No. (%) | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 4,627 (28.7) | 6,944 (26.8) | 11,130 (25.1) | 22,701 (26.3) |
| 2 | 3,673 (22.8) | 5,893 (22.7) | 10,036 (22.6) | 19,602 (22.7) |
| 3 | 2,958 (18.3) | 5,012 (19.3) | 8,735 (19.7) | 16,705 (19.3) |
| 4 | 2,246 (13.9) | 3,687 (14.2) | 6,576 (14.8) | 12,509 (14.5) |
| 5 (highest) | 2,062 (12.8) | 3,686 (14.2) | 6,986 (15.7) | 12,734 (14.7) |
| 6 (unknown) | 577 (3.6) | 726 (2.8) | 921 (2.1) | 2,224 (2.6) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Asthma | 1,106 (6.9) | 1,385 (5.3) | 1,699 (3.8) | 4,190 (4.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3,472 (21.5) | 4,741 (18.3) | 7,241 (16.3) | 15,455 (17.9) |
| Cancer | 1,723 (10.7) | 2,573 (9.9) | 3,785 (8.5) | 8,081 (9.3) |
| Congestive heart failure | 4,635 (28.7) | 5,785 (22.3) | 8,068 (18.2) | 18,488 (21.4) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5,379 (33.3) | 7,239 (27.9) | 10,000 (22.5) | 22,618 (26.2) |
| Cirrhosis | 168 (1.0) | 142 (0.5) | 186 (0.4) | 496 (0.6) |
| Diabetes | 5,871 (36.4) | 8,848 (34.1) | 15,497 (34.9) | 30,216 (34.9) |
| Hypertension | 14,008 (86.8) | 22,293 (85.9) | 38,475 (86.7) | 74,776 (86.5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1,084 (6.7) | 1,413 (5.4) | 2,052 (4.6) | 4,549 (5.3) |
| Comorbidities, mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.3) | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.8) | 3.2 (2.0) |
| ≥1 Visit to a specialist in a 2-year period before index date, No. (%) | ||||
| Nephrology | 2,350 (14.6) | 3,228 (12.4) | 4,788 (10.8) | 10,366 (12.0) |
| Endocrinology | 187 (1.2) | 228 (0.9) | 310 (0.7) | 725 (0.8) |
| Oncology | 49 (0.3) | 39 (0.2) | 34 (0.1) | 122 (0.1) |
| Psychiatry | 1,756 (10.9) | 1,591 (6.1) | 1,591 (3.6) | 4,938 (5.7) |
| Cardiology | 4,332 (26.8) | 6,344 (24.4) | 10,001 (22.5) | 20,677 (23.9) |
| Respiratory | 1,600 (9.9) | 2,198 (8.5) | 2,797 (6.3) | 6,595 (7.6) |
| Internal medicine | 9,095 (56.3) | 13,088 (50.4) | 20,713 (46.7) | 42,896 (49.6) |
CKD = chronic kidney disease; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
↵a CKD stages were defined as stage 3a (eGFR 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), stage 3b (eGFR 30-44 mL/min/1.73 m2), and stage 4 (eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2).