Table 1.

Overview of Cooperatives

Cooperative	Region Served	No. of Participating Practices	Study Design
Midwest	Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana	226	Parallel cluster randomized trial^a
New York City	New York City	276	SW-CRT
North Carolina	North Carolina	228	SW-CRT
Northwest	Washington, Oregon, Idaho	209	2×2 parallel randomized factorial trial^b
Oklahoma	Oklahoma	226	SW-CRT
Southwest	Colorado, New Mexico	202	Parallel cluster randomized trial^c
Virginia	Virginia	208	SW-CRT

SW-CRT = stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial.
↵a This parallel cluster randomized trial had 4 waves with 2 intervention arms in each wave (intervention and intervention plus), which included additional support. Practices were recruited in 4 separate waves, and waves began at staggered times.
↵b The 2×2 randomized factorial trial had 2 factors (factor A and factor B), each with an on and off level potentially added to the standard level, leading to 4 study conditions. Practices were recruited up front, and all arms followed the same timeline.
↵c This parallel cluster randomized trial had 2 intervention arms (1 standard and 1 enhanced), which included additional support. Practices were recruited up front, and both arms followed the same timeline.