Major Themes and Subthemes From Program Director Interviews
| Theme and Subthemes | Respondents, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Influence | ||
| Internal | ||
| Content driven by residents | 2 (15.4) | |
| Personal relationships | 3 (23.1) | |
| Content driven by program director | 7 (53.8) | |
| External | ||
| Proximity of clinics | 6 (46.2) | |
| Patient population | 10 (76.9) | |
| Standardization | 11 (84.6) | |
| Organizational influences | 5 (38.5) | |
| Funding/grants | 2 (15.4) | |
| Training strategies | ||
| Materials used | ||
| Literature | 6 (46.2) | |
| Experiential content | 10 (76.9) | |
| Standards | 7 (53.8) | |
| Screening tools | 7 (53.8) | |
| Teaching personnel | ||
| Interprofessional | 3 (23.1) | |
| Medical | 2 (53.8) | |
| Dental | 6 (46.2) | |
| Behavioral health | 9 (69.2) | |
| Public health official | 2 (15.4) | |
| Community health worker | 1 (7.7) | |
| Method of content delivery | ||
| Presentation | 11 (84.6) | |
| Direct patient care | 10 (76.9) | |
| Research project | 1 (7.7) | |
| Webinar | 2 (15.4) | |
| Community interaction | 2 (15.4) | |
| Interprofessional sessions | 4 (30.8) | |
| Location of teaching | ||
| Classroom | 12 (92.3) | |
| Clinical setting | 10 (76.9) | |
| Online | 2 (15.4) | |
| When/how much in curriculum | ||
| Training boot camp before start of residency | 2 (15.4) | |
| Uniformly throughout the year | 4 (30.8) | |
| Once a year | 2 (15.4) | |
| Amount of time in curriculum | 5 (38.5) | |
| Training outcomes | ||
| Evaluation technique | ||
| Observation in a clinical setting | 6 (46.2) | |
| Preevaluation and postevaluation | 1 (7.7) | |
| Postcourse examination | 1 (7.7) | |
| No evaluation | 1 (7.7) | |
| Observation in nonclinical setting | 2 (15.4) | |
| Impact | ||
| Treating patients comprehensively | 5 (38.5) | |
| Opportunities to participate as part of the interprofessional team | 1 (7.7) | |
| Make clinicians more empathetic | 2 (15.4) | |
| Share expertise in their future communities | 1 (7.7) | |
| Understand the role played by the dentist | 1 (7.7) | |
| Inclusive practice | 1 (7.7) | |
| Training output—success | ||
| Quantify success | ||
| Feedback from faculty and staff | 1 (7.7) | |
| Alumni questionnaire | 1 (7.7) | |
| Feedback from residents | 1 (7.7) | |
| Presenting at meetings | 1 (7.7) | |
| Awards | 1 (7.7) | |
| Models adopted elsewhere | 1 (7.7) | |
| Change in clinician practices | 1 (7.7) | |
| Successful treatment of patients with minimal supervision | 1 (7.7) | |
| Feedback from patients | 1 (7.7) | |
| Contributors to success | ||
| Physical proximity to physicians | 1 (7.7) | |
| Foundational relationships | 3 (23.1) | |
| Interest from resident | 1 (7.7) | |
| Various teaching methodology | 1 (7.7) | |
| Supportive leadership | 1 (7.7) | |
| Grants/funding | 1 (7.7) | |
| Faculty and staff | 3 (23.1) | |
| Program structure | 2 (15.4) | |
| State dental society | 1 (7.7) | |
| State government | 1 (7.7) | |
| Reasons for training strategies | ||
| Teaching personnel | ||
| Using subject matter experts | 2 (15.4) | |
| Method of content delivery | ||
| Rooted in patient care | 3 (23.1) | |
| Competencies used/not used | ||
| Current competencies ambiguous | 1 (7.7) | |
| Barriers | ||
| Not important to residents | 4 (30.8) | |
| Lack of faculty expertise/subject matter knowledge | 6 (46.2) | |
| Patient population | 4 (30.8) | |
| No referral source | 3 (23.1) | |
| Covered by state licensure | 1 (7.7) | |
| No reimbursement in organized dentistry | 1 (7.7) | |
| Culture | 7 (53.9) | |
| Organizational barrier | 4 (30.8) | |
| Cost | 1 (7.7) | |
| Time | 10 (76.9) | |
| Miscellaneous | 1 (7.7) | |
| Solutions to barriers | ||
| Educate around stigma, for cultural change | 1 (7.7) | |
| Collaborate with subject matter expert | 1 (7.7) | |
| Pique resident interest | 1 (7.7) | |
| Reflections | ||
| Incorporate new training methods | 1 (7.7) | |
| Understands future potential of content inclusion in curriculum | 3 (23.1) | |
Note: Based on responses of 13 program directors.