Estimated Mean (SE) of Outcomes Across Diet and Time From Linear Mixed Model
| Outcome | VLC Diet | DASH Diet | Difference in Change (VLC Lower) | Between- Group P Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Change | Within-Group P Value | Baseline | Post | Change | Within-Group P Value | |||
| SBP, mm Hg | 133.72 (1.73) | 123.95 (1.88) | −9.77 (1.66) | <.001 | 132.84 (1.69) | 127.66 (1.80) | −5.18 (1.59) | .002 | −4.59 | .046 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.09 (0.07) | 5.74 (0.08) | −0.35 (0.07) | <.001 | 6.10 (0.07) | 5.97 (0.07) | −0.14 (0.07) | .06 | −0.21 | .034 |
| Weight, lb | 219.24 (5.39) | 200.10 (5.41) | −19.14 (1.73) | <.001 | 236.43 (5.1) | 226.1 (5.2) | −10.34 (1.73) | <.001 | −8.81 | .0003 |
DASH = Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VLC = very low-carbohydrate.
Note: Outcomes were analyzed using a linear mixed model including all possible interactions between diet, support, and time and adjusted for age and sex. Results are presented collapsed over all other factors: support allocation, sex, and at the mean value of age. The between-group P value is calculated from a Z-test based on the estimated mean changes and the associated SE values reported in the table.