Characteristics of the Study Population of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
| Characteristic | Total (N = 45,279) | Location | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural (n = 24,637) | Urban (n = 20,642) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.7 (14.0) | 65.8 (13.9) | 65.6 (13.9) | .20a |
| Female, No. (%) | 20,735 (45.8) | 11,433 (46.4) | 9,302 (45.1) | .004b |
| Race, No. (%) | <.001b | |||
| White | 41,887 (92.5) | 23,195 (94.2) | 18,692 (90.6) | |
| Non-White | 3,369 (7.5) | 1,427 (5.8) | 1,942 (9.4) | |
| ACG risk score, mean (SD)c | 1.1 (0.96) | 1.1 (0.96) | 1.1 (0.97) | .91a |
| Insurance, No. (%) | <.001b | |||
| Commercial | 12,034 (26.6) | 6,119 (24.9) | 5,915 (28.7) | |
| Medicaid | 3,470 (7.7) | 1,961 (8.0) | 1,509 (7.3) | |
| Medicare | 28,069 (62.1) | 15,533 (63.2) | 12,536 (60.8) | |
| Other | 1,616 (3.6) | 965 (3.9) | 651 (3.2) | |
| Missing | 90 (0.2) | 59 (0.2) | 31 (0.2) | |
| Number of outpatient visits, mean (SD) | 3.5 (4.39) | 3.2 (4.04) | 3.9 (4.75) | <.001a |
| Visits, No. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes education | 7,844 (17.3) | 4,325 (17.6) | 3,519 (17.0) | .16b |
| Nutrition | 2,449 (5.4) | 1,350 (5.5) | 1,099 (5.3) | .47b |
| Endocrinology | 3,257 (7.2) | 1,347 (5.5) | 1,928 (9.3) | <.001b |
| Primary care clinician type, No. (%) | <.001b | |||
| Advanced practice provider | 8,170 (18.0) | 6,289 (25.5) | 1,881 (9.1) | |
| Physician | 36,356 (80.3) | 18,192 (73.8) | 18,164 (88.0) | |
| Resident or fellow | 743 (1.6) | 152 (0.6) | 591 (2.9) | |
| Other | 10 (<0.1) | 4 (<0.1) | 6 (<0.1) | |