Table 3.

Adjusted Effects of Assignment to Active Group on Outcomes

OutcomeNo.aEffect95% CIP Value
Primary outcomes
    Anxiety2,426  0.08−0.53 to 0.69.79
    Depression2,426  0.21−0.37 to 0.79.48
    Fatigue2,426  0.07−0.54 to 0.68.83
    Sleep disturbance2,426−0.05−0.58 to 0.49.86
    Pain interference2,426  0.19−0.40 to 0.79.52
    Pain intensity2,426  0.1−0.08 to 0.28.27
    Social participationb2,426−0.06−0.71 to 0.59.86
    Physical functionb2,426  0.1−0.39 to 0.60.69
Secondary outcomes
    Physical health summaryb2,426  0.09−0.39 to 0.56.72
    Mental health summaryb2,426−0.06−0.51 to 0.39.79
    CARE total scoreb2,383−0.03−0.11 to 0.05.49
    MMAS total scoreb2,310−0.03−0.11 to 0.05.46
    ED visits in past year2,369−0.01−0.14 to 0.11.82
    Health care visits in past month2,363−0.02−0.29 to 0.26.9
    Hospital days in past year2,363−0.04−0.29 to 0.21.78
    Utilization category2,376  0.07−0.13 to 0.27.48
    Restricted activity days2,301  0.16−0.02 to 0.35.08
    Metabolic equivalents (DASI)b2,127  0.03−0.09 to 0.15.64
    PHQ-9 total score2,290  0.2−0.13 to 0.54.24
    PHQ category2,290  0.14−0.04 to 0.32.12
    GAD-7 total score2,317  0.03−0.27 to 0.32.86
    GAD category2,317−0.06−0.25 to 0.13.53
    Asthma symptom utility index  440−0.02−0.05 to 0.01.17
    GAIN Lifetime SUD screener  376−0.06−0.35 to 0.24.71
    GAIN 1-Year SUD screener  376−0.15−0.37 to 0.06.16
    GAIN 3-Month SUD screener  376  0−0.19 to 0.18.96
    GAIN 1-Month SUD screener  376−0.04−0.22 to 0.14.65
    Alcohol use category1,747−0.03−0.36 to 0.29.84
    Patient-centeredness indexb2,261−0.8−2.3 to 0.7.29
Practice Integration Profile domains
    Totalb    423.8−3.6 to 11.2.3
    Workflowb    429.31.7 to 16.9.02
    Clinical servicesb    422.6−6.3 to 11.5.56
    Workspaceb    423.5−7.0 to 14.1.5
    Integrationb    423.6−7.9 to 15.1.53
    Patient identificationb    423.1−3.6 to 9.8.36
    Patient engagementb    423.2−5.3 to 11.6.45

  • CARE = Consultation and Relational Empathy; DASI = Duke Activity Status Index; ED = emergency department; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; GAD = 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener; GAIN = Global Appraisal of Individual Needs; MMAS = Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SUD = substance use disorder.

  • ↵a N varies depending on availability of covariates.

  • ↵b Greater score indicates better health.