Adjusted Analyses: Practice Characteristics Associated With Medical Assistant per Primary Care Clinician Staffing Ratios
| Two or More Medical Assistants per PCC Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|
| Practice ownership | ||
| Independent | 1.76 (1.07, 2.89) | P <0.05 |
| Medical group | 2.09 (1.12, 3.90) | P <0.05 |
| Hospital | 1.47 (0.74, 2.94) | |
| Health care system (reference) | − | |
| Federally Qualified Health Center | 1.46 (0.85, 2.50) | |
| Other ownership | 2.15 (0.54, 8.66) | |
| Practice size | ||
| Solo physician | 8.73 (2.45, 31.1) | P <0.01 |
| Small (2-9 physicians) | 2.63 (1.17, 5.93) | P <0.05 |
| Medium (10-19 physicians) | 1.59 (0.68, 3.76) | |
| Large (20+ physicians) (reference) | − | |
| Independent practice association affiliation | 0.86 (0.57, 1.31) | |
| Advanced practice clinicians (mean, SD) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | |
| Specialty mix | ||
| No specialists (reference) | − | |
| Low specialists (1-29%) | 0.88 (0.54, 1.41) | |
| High specialists (30% + ) | 1.20 (0.73, 1.96) | |
| Rural-urban continuum code | ||
| Metropolitan (reference) | − | |
| Micropolitan | 0.89 (0.52, 1.54) | |
| Small town | 1.08 (0.56, 2.10) | |
| Rural | 0.51 (0.15, 1.74) | |
| Area deprivation index | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | |
| Staffing shortages impacting patient care | ||
| Not at all (reference) | ||
| A little | 1.26 (0.71, 2.20) | |
| Some | 0.97 (0.57, 1.65) | |
| Quite a lot | 0.75 (0.44, 1.32) | |
| Complex care management processes | 1.07 (0.86, 1.35) | |
| Practice innovation culture | 1.35 (1.03, 1.78) | P <0.05 |
| Health information technology functions | 0.63 (0.33, 1.18) | |
| Constant | 0.21 (0.01, 0.12) | P <0.001 |
PCC = primary care clinician.
↵a Values without P values are not statistically significant (P >0.05).