Odds Ratios for Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Assessed by Clarke-TW Criteria, According to Duration of Insulin and Sulfonylurea Use
| Drug and Duration of Use | Model 1 Crude OR (95% CI) | Model 2a Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Model 3b Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Model 4c Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of insulin use | ||||
| No use | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| <1 year | 0.42 (0.26-0.67) | 0.39 (0.24-0.63) | 0.51 (0.29-0.87) | 0.51 (0.30-0.88) |
| 1-2 year | 0.45 (0.30-0.68) | 0.45 (0.29-0.69) | 0.57 (0.35-0.93) | 0.57 (0.35-0.92) |
| 3-4 year | 0.35 (0.21-0.57) | 0.34 (0.20-0.56) | 0.52 (0.30-0.91) | 0.53 (0.30-0.93) |
| ≥5 year | 0.34 (0.24-0.49) | 0.33 (0.23-0.48) | 0.52 (0.35-0.78) | 0.52 (0.34-0.78) |
| Duration of sulfonylurea use | ||||
| No use | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| <1 year | 1.27 (0.51-3.16) | 1.33 (0.51-3.43) | 0.57 (0.22-1.50) | 0.54 (0.21-1.42) |
| 1-2 years | 3.01 (1.74-5.20) | 3.27 (1.85-5.81) | 0.99 (0.50-1.99) | 1.05 (0.52-2.12) |
| 3-4 years | 1.86 (1.06-3.25) | 2.03 (1.14-3.62) | 0.99 (0.52-1.87) | 0.98 (0.51-1.89) |
| ≥5 years | 3.84 (2.77-5.33) | 3.84 (2.74-5.37) | 3.04 (2.10-4.38) | 3.06 (2.11-4.44) |
Clarke-TW = Chinese version of Clarke questionnaire; OR = odds ratio.
Note: Multiple logistic regression models with sequential adjustment for potential confounders. The “no use” groups are the reference groups.
↵a Adjusted for sociodemographics: age, sex, highest education level, marital status, living area, occupation, living arrangement.
↵b Adjusted for sociodemographics and disease history and medical care: diabetes duration, outpatient visit for diabetes care in past year, blood glucose test in past 3 months, urine microalbumin test in past year, retina examination in past year, foot examination in past year.
↵c Adjusted for sociodemographics, disease history and medical care, and health status: perceived health, limited daily activities for ≥6 months.