Characteristics of the Community Health Center Patients Who Were Uninsured Before the ACA, Stratified by Insurance Group (N = 138,246)
| Continuously Uninsureda (n = 28,834 [20.9%]) | Gained Medicaidb (n = 20,766 [15.0%]) | Gained Other Insurancec (n = 17,171 [12.4%]) | No Post-ACA Period Ambulatory Care Visitsd (n = 71,475 [51.7%]) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 15,607 (54.1) | 10,694 (51.5) | 9,958 (58.0) | 33,128 (46.3) |
| Male | 13,227 (45.9) | 10,072 (48.5) | 7,213 (42.0) | 38,347 (53.7) |
| Age during study period, No. (%), y | ||||
| 19-26 | 4,890 (17.0) | 3,279 (15.8) | 2,277 (13.3) | 18,301 (25.6) |
| 27-44 | 15,303 (53.1) | 8,232 (39.6) | 6,937 (40.4) | 32,217 (45.1) |
| 45-64 | 8,641 (30.0) | 9,255 (44.6) | 7,957 (46.3) | 20,957 (29.3) |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 8,706 (30.2) | 10,596 (51.0) | 6,984 (40.7) | 31,383 (43.9) |
| Hispanic | 16,288 (56.5) | 5,867 (28.2) | 6,808 (39.6) | 22,516 (31.5) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2,236 (7.8) | 2,693 (13.0) | 2,395 (13.9) | 10,224 (14.3) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 608 (2.1) | 918 (4.4) | 513 (3.0) | 2,637 (3.7) |
| Missing | 996 (3.5) | 692 (3.3) | 471 (2.7) | 4,715 (6.6) |
| Preferred language, No. (%) | ||||
| English | 14,487 (50.2) | 16,710 (80.5) | 12,036 (70.1) | 54,886 (76.8) |
| Spanish | 13,512 (46.9) | 3,124 (15.0) | 4,653 (27.1) | 12,728 (17.8) |
| Other | 505 (1.8) | 842 (4.1) | 399 (2.3) | 2,223 (3.1) |
| Missing | 330 (1.1) | 90 (0.4) | 83 (0.5) | 1,638 (2.3) |
| Federal poverty level, No. (%) | ||||
| ≤138% | 18,780 (65.1) | 17,034 (82.0) | 10,978 (63.9) | 50,761 (71.0) |
| >138% | 4,608 (16.0) | 2,085 (10.0) | 3,861 (22.5) | 9,469 (13.2) |
| Missing | 5,446 (18.9) | 1,647 (7.9) | 2,332 (13.6) | 11,245 (15.7) |
| Clinic location, No. (%) | ||||
| Rural | 1,736 (6.0) | 1,983 (9.5) | 2,304 (13.4) | 6,000 (8.4) |
| Urban | 27,098 (94.0) | 18,783 (90.5) | 14,867 (86.6) | 65,475 (91.6) |
ACA = Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Notes: Pre-ACA = January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013; Post-ACA = January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Visits refer to ambulatory care only. Pairwise insurance group differences for Continuously Uninsured vs Gained Medicaid, Continuously Uninsured vs Gained Other Insurance, and Continuously Uninsured vs No Post-ACA Period Ambulatory Care Visits were statistically significant (P <.05).
↵a All preperiod visits were uninsured, and all postperiod visits were uninsured.
↵b All preperiod visits were uninsured, and all postperiod visits were covered by Medicaid with the following exception: to allow for time to enroll in Medicaid, the first visit post-ACA could be uninsured.
↵c All preperiod visits were uninsured, and during the post-ACA period, visits were covered by other insurance types or insurance patterns (churning).
↵d All preperiod visits were uninsured, and there were no visits during the post-ACA period.