Characteristics of Patients in Matched Cohort (April 1, 2019-March 31, 2020)
| Characteristic | Patients With a Visit to a Walk-in Clinic Physician They Were Not Enrolled With, at Any Time N = 506,033 | Patients With a Visit to a Within-Group Physician They Were Not Enrolled With, After Hours or on a Weekend N = 506,033 | Standardized Mean Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quarter of index encounter, No. (%) | |||
| Q1 (Apr-Jun 2019) | 171,387 (33.9) | 168,119 (33.2) | 0.01 |
| Q2 (Jul-Sep 2019) | 127,581 (25.2) | 127,390 (25.2) | 0 |
| Q3 (Oct-Dec 2019) | 122,780 (24.3) | 125,126 (24.7) | 0.01 |
| Q4 (Jan-Mar 2020) | 84,285 (16.7) | 85,398 (16.9) | 0.01 |
| Age, y | |||
| Mean (SD) | 39.3 (22.5) | 40.1 (22.3) | 0.04 |
| Median (IQR) | 39 (21-57) | 41 (22-57) | NA |
| Age, y, No. (%) | |||
| ≤18 | 107,547 (21.3) | 106,694 (21.1) | 0 |
| 19-29 | 79,525 (15.7) | 65,073 (12.9) | 0.08 |
| 30-44 | 103,886 (20.5) | 109,801 (21.7) | 0.03 |
| 45-64 | 139,851 (27.6) | 149,241 (29.5) | 0.04 |
| 65-74 | 43,762 (8.6) | 44,238 (8.7) | 0 |
| ≥75 | 31,462 (6.2) | 30,986 (6.1) | 0 |
| Age category, y, No. (%) | |||
| 0-17 | 100,534 (19.9) | 100,534 (19.9) | 0 |
| 18-64 | 330,275 (65.3) | 330,275 (65.3) | 0 |
| ≥65 | 75,224 (14.9) | 75,224 (14.9) | 0 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Female | 297,679 (58.8) | 301,383 (59.6) | 0.02 |
| Male | 208,354 (41.2) | 204,650 (40.4) | 0.02 |
| Neighborhood income quintile, No. (%) | |||
| 1 (Lowest) | 82,654 (16.3) | 83,936 (16.6) | 0.01 |
| 2 | 96,531 (19.1) | 98,158 (19.4) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 106,162 (21.0) | 106,812 (21.1) | 0 |
| 4 | 111,666 (22.1) | 109,107 (21.6) | 0.01 |
| 5 (Highest) | 109,020 (21.5) | 108,020 (21.3) | 0.01 |
| OHIP registrant within past 10 years, No. (%) | 40,719 (8.0) | 43,868 (8.7) | 0.02 |
| Rurality of residence, No. (%) | |||
| Large urban | 422,668 (83.5) | 422,668 (83.5) | 0 |
| Small urban | 71,655 (14.2) | 71,655 (14.2) | 0 |
| Rural | 11,710 (2.3) | 11,710 (2.3) | 0 |
| Resource Utilization Band, No. (%) | |||
| Low | 122,803 (24.3) | 116,880 (23.1) | 0.03 |
| Moderate | 275,502 (54.4) | 277,830 (54.9) | 0.01 |
| High | 107,728 (21.3) | 111,323 (22.0) | 0.02 |
| Count of own family physician visits in previous 2 years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.9 (5.5) | 5.1 (5.7) | 0.04 |
| Median (IQR) | 3 (1-7) | 4 (1-7) | NA |
| Own family physician visits in previous 2 years, No. (%) | |||
| <2 | 146,993 (29.0) | 136,114 (26.9) | 0.05 |
| 2-5 | 197,212 (39.0) | 199,120 (39.3) | 0.01 |
| 6-9 | 89,538 (17.7) | 94,555 (18.7) | 0.03 |
| ≥10 | 72,290 (14.3) | 76,244 (15.1) | 0.02 |
| Emergency department visits in previous year | |||
| Mean (SD) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.01 |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | NA |
| Patient enrollment model, No. (%) | |||
| Capitation | 193,577 (38.3) | 197,858 (39.1) | 0.02 |
| Enhanced fee for service | 171,432 (33.9) | 164,943 (32.6) | 0.03 |
| Team based | 139,313 (27.5) | 142,079 (28.1) | 0.01 |
| Other group | 1,711 (0.3) | 1,153 (0.2) | 0.02 |
| Size of enrolling physician’s group, No. (%) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 46.2 (78.6) | 45.0 (74.5) | 0.02 |
| Median (IQR) | 21 (11-42) | 21 (11-40) | NA |
| Weekend visit, No. (%) | 142,413 (28.1) | 172,618 (34.1) | 0.13 |
| Distance from patient’s residence to enrolling physician’s practice location, km | |||
| Mean (SD) | 14.0 (35.7) | 11.3 (33.2) | 0.08 |
| Median (IQR) | 6 (3-13) | 5 (2-11) | NA |
| <2.8 km, No. (%) | 119,435 (23.6) | 133,581 (26.4) | 0.07 |
| 2.8-6.4 km, No. (%) | 119,723 (23.7) | 133,294 (26.3) | 0.06 |
| 6.5-14.8 km, No. (%) | 128,165 (25.3) | 124,853 (24.7) | 0.02 |
| ≥14.9 km, No. (%) | 138,710 (27.4) | 114,305 (22.6) | 0.11 |
IQR = interquartile range; NA = not applicable; OHIP = Ontario Health Insurance Plan.
Note. Not listed: Top 20 diagnoses (Supplemental Table 5).