Table 1.

Summary Characteristics of the 39 Studies

CharacteristicStudies, No.
Country
    United States38
    Canada  1
Study design
    Qualitative study33
    Cohort study  3
    Systematic or scoping review  3
Predominant racial or ethnic population
    African American/Black24
    Asian American  1
    Latino/x/e10
    Native American  1
Number of participants
    ≤10027
    101-500  7
    501-1,000  1
    ≥1,001  1
    Not applicable  3
Topic of the medical decision
    Chronic illnessa management10
    Cancer screening  8
    Contraception  6
    Mental health treatment  3
    Otherb12
  • Note: Refer to Supplemental Table 2 for detailed characteristics.

  • a Diabetes, asthma, hypertension, chronic pain, fibroids.

  • b Immunizations, end-of-life planning, and pre-exposure prophylaxis, among others.