Comparison of Zuni-Ramah (1992–96) to New Mexico Native American (1994) and United States (1996) Populations (Live Births)
| Zuni-Ramah, 1992–1996 (N = 1128)* | United States, 1996 (N = 3 952 767)28 | New Mexico Native American, 1994 (N = 3645)36 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | P value† | % | P value† | |
| * N ≤ 1128 for certain categories because of data unavailable from chart review. | |||||
| † P values for comparison with Zuni-Ramah population. | |||||
| Age | < .0001 | .74 | |||
| < 20 y | 19.7 | 12.9 | 18.6 | ||
| 20–34 y | 69.9 | 74.9 | 70.9 | ||
| ≥ 35 y | 10.4 | 12.2 | 10.4 | ||
| Parity | < .0001 | .10 | |||
| Nulliparous | 29.7 | 41.0 | 32.3 | ||
| Parous | 70.3 | 59.0 | 67.7 | ||
| Prenatal care | <.0001 | < .0001 | |||
| Early (1st trimester) | 43.0 | 81.9 | 51.8 | ||
| Birth weight | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||
| < 2500 g | 5.4 | 7.4 | 6.4 | ||
| > 4000 g | 4.8 | 10.2 | 9.6 | ||
| Gestational age | < .0001 | .01 | |||
| < 37 wk | 7.0 | 11.0 | 7.1 | ||
| > 41 wk | 4.4 | 8.7 | 2.6 | ||
| Risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes | 9.2 | 2.6 | < .0001 | 5.6 | < .0001 |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 14.5 | 3.6 | < .0001 | 5.2 | < .0001 |
| Labor management | .02 | .0004 | |||
| Labor induction | 13.8 | 16.9 | 11.8 | ||
| Labor augmentation | 7.7 | 7.7 | 11.6 | ||
| Operative vaginal delivery | 5.1 | 9.4 | < .0001 | 5.2 | .89 |
| Delivery route | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||
| Vaginal | 92.6 | 79.3 | 87.5 | ||
| Primary cesarean delivery | 5.3 | 14.6 | 8.3 | ||
| Repeat cesarean delivery | 2.0 | 6.1 | 4.1 | ||