Table 4.

Results of Regression Models: Odds Ratios of Practicing in Needy Areas, by Type of Area

Rural Area OR (95% CI)Vulnerable Population Area OR (95% CI)HPSA OR (95% CI)
HPSA = health professions shortage area, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.
California
Clinician type
    Family physician2.24 (1.93–2.60)1.12 (1.02–1.22)1.56 (1.41–1.73)
    General pediatrician1.02 (0.85–1.23)1.22 (1.10–1.34)1.16 (1.03–1.30)
    General internist0.93 (0.76–1.09)1.21 (1.11–1.33)1.09 (0.98–1.21)
    Obstetrician-gynecologist1.01.01.0
    Nurse practitioner3.17 (2.62–3.84)1.33 (1.18–1.50)1.84 (1.61–2.11)
    Physician assistant4.75 (3.80–5.92)2.18 (1.86–2.56)2.65 (2.23–3.14)
Race, ethnicity
    Asian0.60 (0.52–0.70)1.26 (1.17–1.36)0.80 (0.73–0.88)
    African American0.30 (0.20–0.45)2.74 (2.35–3.19)1.35 (1.14–1.61)
    Latino0.77 (0.63–0.94)1.90 (1.68–2.14)1.30 (1.14–1.12)
    Other0.92 (0.69–1.22)1.17 (0.98–1.39)0.91 (0.74–1.12)
    White1.01.01.0
Sex
    Female0.71 (0.63–0.79)1.02 (0.96–1.09)0.90 (0.84–0.97)
    Male1.01.01.0
Age (10 years)
    Years2.29 (1.71–3.06)1.05 (0.88–1.25)1.29 (1.06–1.57)
    Years20.92 (0.89–0.95)0.99 (0.97–1.01)0.97 (0.95–0.99)
Washington
Clinician type
    Family physician1.85 (1.42–2.42)0.71 (0.59–0.86)1.66 (1.35–2.03)
    General pediatrician1.06 (0.75–1.49)0.66 (0.52–0.84)1.10 (0.85–1.41)
    General internist1.03 (0.76–1.39)1.15 (0.92–1.42)0.92 (0.73–1.15)
    Obstetrician-gynecologist1.01.01.0
    Nurse practitioner1.79 (1.25–2.57)1.12 (0.86–1.47)1.47 (1.11–1.95)
    Physician assistant2.35 (1.70–3.24)0.90 (0.70–1.16)1.55 (1.20–2.01)
Race, ethnicity
    Asian0.39 (0.28–0.55)1.25 (1.02–1.54)0.77 (0.62–0.95)
    African American0.30 (0.12–0.74)2.70 (1.57–4.64)0.60 (0.35–1.05)
    Latino1.21 (0.80–1.84)2.01 (1.39–2.92)1.67 (1.16–2.39)
    Other0.61 (0.45–0.83)1.93 (1.54–2.40)0.61 (0.48–0.77)
    White1.01.01.0
Sex
    Female0.63 (0.53–0.75)0.80 (0.70–0.92)0.71 (0.62–0.82)
    Male1.01.01.0
Age
    Years0.72 (0.44–1.20)0.95 (0.63–1.41)0.92 (0.61–1.39)
    Years21.03 (0.98–1.08)1.01 (0.97–1.05)1.00 (0.96–1.04)