Adjusted Prevalence of Health Care Access and Use by Education and Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Status
| Educational Level | In HMO | Not in HMO |
|---|---|---|
| Note: Multivariate analyses adjusted for race-ethnicity, age, sex, income, marital status, family size, community size, smoking, mental health summary score (MCS 12) and physical health summary score (PCS 12) of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12, insurance type (private; Medicaid), HMO status, and usual source of care. | ||
| * P values represent tests for significance for interaction between HMO membership and educational level. | ||
| Has usual source of care,P = .83* | ||
| < 12 years | 86.7 (83.9–89.5) | 83.9 (81.7–86.1) |
| 12 years | 87.9 (86.8–89.0) | 84.4 (83.2–85.6) |
| 13–15 years | 88.8 (87.5–90.2) | 84.9 (83.4–86.4) |
| >16 years | 88.1 (86.9–89.3) | 84.2 (82.9–85.5) |
| Physician visit in past year, P = .52* | ||
| < 12 years | 74.6 (71.3–77.9) | 70.9 (68.6–73.2 |
| 12 years | 77.4 (76.1–78.7) | 75.6 (74.4–76.8) |
| 13–15 years | 80.2 (78.9–81.5) | 78.3 (76.9–79.7) |
| >16 years | 81.5 (80.1–82.9) | 81.0 (79.8–82.2) |
| Mental health visit in past year, P = .06* | ||
| < 12 years | 6.1 (4.6–7.6) | 4.8 (3.8–5.8) |
| 12 years | 6.7 (6.0–7.4) | 6.3 (5.4–7.2) |
| 13–15 years | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 8.4 (7.5–9.3) |
| >16 years | 9.2 (8.2–10.2) | 10.7 (9.7–11.7) |
| Mammogram in past year, P = .77* | ||
| < 12 years | 61.5 (53.4–69.6) | 53.9 (47.2–60.6) |
| 12 years | 65.5 (61.5 69.5) | 60.7 (57.3–64.1) |
| 13–15 years | 64.5 (59.3–69.7) | 62.8 (58.2–67.4) |
| >16 years | 68.6 (63.2–74.0) | 66.8 (63.3–70.3) |
| Influenza vaccination in past year, P = .04* | ||
| < 12 years | 31.7 (25.6–37.8) | 25.3 (20.0–30.6) |
| 12 years | 35.5 (31.1–39.9) | 37.1 (32.9–41.3) |
| 13–15 years | 39.7 (33.6–45.8) | 33.8 (29.0–38.6 |
| >16 years | 47.3 (41.8–52.8) | 37.0 (32.7–41.3) |
| Smoking cessation advice, P = .01* | ||
| < 12 years | 54.3 (48.3–60.3) | 44.9 (39.4–50.4) |
| 12 years | 47.3 (44.0–50.6) | 48.7 (45.5–51.9) |
| 13–15 years | 49.4 (46.0–52.8) | 45.3 (41.5–49.1) |
| >16 years | 41.9 (37.0–46.8) | 46.8 (42.5–51.1) |