Total Health Care Cost (Median Scores in Euros [ε]) in 1994 and 1995 for Different Groups in Relation to Provider Continuity
| Determinants | 1 Family Physician (n = 2,285) ε (n) | >1 Family Physician (n = 1,849) ε (n) |
|---|---|---|
| *Kruskal-Wallis test. | ||
| † Mann-Whitney test. | ||
| Age, years | ||
| 45-64 | 218 (690) | 324 (641) |
| 65-74 | 329 (804) | 524 (580) |
| 75+ | 435 (791) | 970 (627) |
| P value* | <.001 | <.001 |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 297 (1,140) | 438 (857) |
| Women | 338 (1,145) | 581 (992) |
| P value† | .029 | .07 |
| Region | ||
| Aalst | 281 (1,274) | 462 (830) |
| Liège | 351 (1,011) | 561 (1,019) |
| P value† | .009 | .418 |
| Living situation | ||
| Alone | 393 (653) | 775 (523) |
| Not alone | 290 (1,627) | 440 (1,317) |
| P value† | <.001 | <.001 |
| Education | ||
| Lower secondary or less | 328 (1,738) | 585 (1,422) |
| Higher secondary or more | 288 (530) | 374 (413) |
| P value† | .002 | <.001 |
| Health locus of control | ||
| Not internal | 366 (1,184) | 422 (867) |
| Internal | 278 (1,101) | 645 (982) |
| P value† | <.001 | <.001 |
| Income | ||
| No difficulties | 308 (1,907) | 462 (1,470) |
| Difficulties | 398 (360) | 766 (367) |
| P value† | .002 | <.001 |
| Health insurance company | ||
| A | 320 (1,190) | 487 (834) |
| B | 318 (1,095) | 535 (1,015) |
| P value† | .184 | .282 |
| Environment | ||
| (Semi) rural | 306 (1,886) | 487 (1,463) |
| Urban | 399 (353) | 626 (346) |
| P value† | .010 | .014 |
| Physical functioning | ||
| ≤ 80 (bad) | 407 (1,363) | 761 (1,166) |
| >80 (good) | 210 (896) | 275 (655) |
| P value† | <.001 | <.001 |
| Mental functioning | ||
| ≤ 80 (bad) | 353 (1,542) | 604 (1,385) |
| > 80 (good) | 241 (705) | 337 (450) |
| P value† | <.001 | <.001 |
| Multiple morbidity | ||
| 0 or 1 chronic disease | 219 (1,069) | 295 (731) |
| > 1 chronic disease | 425 (1,216) | 782 (1,118) |
| P value† | <.001 | <.001 |