Table 4.

Medicare Hospital Margins by Cohort

Financial CharacteristicCOTH (n = 192)Non-COTH (n = 521)Family Practice Single Residency (n = 108)Multiple Residency (n = 605)All Hospitals (n = 713)
COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems, GME = graduate medical education, PPS = prospective payment system.
Medicare margin, %
    1996, mean (median)7.4 (11.1)14.6 (20.4)18.9 (20.3)11.8 (18.6)12.9 (18.9)
    1998, mean (median)8.6 (13.1)16.5 (21.6)20.2 (21.7)13.3 (18.9)14.3 (19.7)
    1999, mean (median)8.2 (13.0)17.7 (23.1)16.3 (17.9)10.7 (15.9)11.5 (16.2)
GME margin, %
    1996, mean (median)−27.8 (−1.7)−76.4 (−5.7)−58.7 (−15.3)−64.0 (−2.8)−63.2 (−4.0)
    1998, mean (median)−55.7 (−19.0)−101.3 (−24.4)−60.8 (−28.0)−93.8 (−20.3)−88.8 (−21.6)
    1999, mean (median)−55.3 (−19.2)−118.2 (−24.1)−84.5 (−30.5)−103.9 (−21.8)−100.9 (−23.8)
GME margin, dollar adjusted, %
    1996−9.8−19.8−14.5−12.4−13
    1998−31.2−38.3−33.1−33.1−33
    1999−31.9−44.7−38.5−35.2−35
PPS margin, %
    1996, mean (median)16.8 (17.4)20.3 (20.2)20.1 (20.1)19.2 (20.1)19.4 (19.2)
    1998, mean (median)23.8 (23.8)25.8 (25.9)25.2 (25.1)25.3 (25.2)25.3 (25.2)
    1999, mean (median)23.7 (24.3)25.1 (25.2)24.3 (23.9)24.8 (24.8)24.7 (24.8)
PPS margin, dollar adjusted, %
    199615.019.419.817.217.5
    199822.525.125.223.824.0
    199922.324.223.723.523.5