Mean Graduate Medical Education Payments and Education Costs by Cohort for 1996, 1998, and 1999 (Dollars)
| Payments and Costs by Year | COTH (n = 192) | Non-COTH (n = 521) | Family Practice Single Residency (n = 108) | Multiple Residency (n = 605) | All Hospitals (n = 713) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COTH = Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems. | |||||
| Indirect medical education, $ | |||||
| 1996 | 13,691,133 | 1,755,634 | 1,249,026 | 5,633,865 | 3,543,382,898 |
| 1998 | 12,060,494 | 1,557,235 | 1,126,552 | 4,967,382 | 3,126,934,074 |
| 1999 | 12,110,166 | 1,517,857 | 1,137,392 | 4,947,301 | 3,115,955,490 |
| Change (%) | −1,580,967 (−11.5) | −237,777 (−13.5) | −111,634 (−8.9) | −686,564 (−12.2) | −12.1 |
| Direct medical education, $ | |||||
| 1996 | 5,461,634 | 823,278 | 647,633 | 2,326,640 | 1,477,561,405− |
| 1998 | 5,505,803 | 873,858 | 701,156 | 2,374,660 | 1,512,394,341 |
| 1999 | 5,690,298 | 888,583 | 691,915 | 2,447,540 | 1,555,488,746 |
| Change (%) | 228,664 (4.2) | 65,305 (7.9) | −44,282 (−6.8) | 120,900 (5.2) | 5.3 |
| Education costs, $ | |||||
| 1996 | 21,035,967 | 3,089,953 | 2,171,425 | 8,949,186 | 5,648,771,242 |
| 1998 | 23,043,238 | 3,361,482 | 2,455,411 | 9,773,266 | 6,175,634,084 |
| 1999 | 23,482,602 | 3,482,820 | 2,532,887 | 9,999,433 | 6,323,208,632 |
| Change (%) | 2,446,635 (11.6) | 392,867 (12.7) | 361,462 (16.6) | 1,050,247 (11.7) | 11.9 |