Table 2

Prevalence of ARS and ABRS in the Included Study Populations

Study	Reference Standard	No.	Prevalence, %
Studies of adults
Berg et al,¹⁵ 1981	Antral puncture^a	50	50
Berg et al,²² 1985	Antral puncture^a	90	48
Berg et al,²⁵ 1988	Antral puncture^a	155	44
Hansen et al,⁴ 1995	Antral puncture^a	174	53
Van Buchem et al,⁵ 1995	Antral puncture^a	108	49
Laine et al,²⁸ 1998	Antral puncture^a	39	51
Summary for antral puncture, % (95% CI)			49 (45-53)
Hansen et al,⁴ 1995	Bacterial culture^b	174	35
Van Buchem et al,⁵ 1995	Bacterial culture^b	113	34
Autio et al,³² 2015	Bacterial culture^b	43	19
Summary for bacterial culture, % (95% CI)			31 (24-40)
Lindbaek et al,¹² 1996	CT	201	63
Thomas et al,³⁰ 2006	CT	60	45
Van Duijn et al,²⁷ 1992	Ultrasound	423	49
Varonen et al,²⁹ 2003	Radiograph	32	41
Williams et al,²⁶ 1992	Radiograph	247	39
Axelsson et al,²¹ 1976	Radiograph	164	63
Summary for imaging, % (95% CI)			51 (48-54)
Summary for studies with adults only, % (95% CI)			48 (42-54)
Studies of adults and children
McNeill,¹³ 1963	Radiograph	242	56
Huang et al,²⁴ 2008	Radiograph	217	70
Summary for studies with adults and children, % (95% CI)			63 (49-75)
Studies of children
Visca et al,²³ 1995	CT	30	57
Shaikh et al,³¹ 2013	Radiograph	258	79
Summary for studies with children only, % (95% CI)			70 (45-87)

ABRS = acute bacterial rhinosinusitis; ARS = acute rhinosinusitis; CT = computed tomography.
↵a A positive antral puncture required return of purulent fluid.
↵b Bacterial culture of fluid obtained during antral puncture.