Characteristics of the Interventions in Included Trials
| Author, Year | Intervention Group | Comparison Group |
|---|---|---|
| Interventions delivered directly to patients | ||
| Greenfield et al, 198522 | Preconsultation interview, skills training and materials | Preconsultation interview about disease course, treatment, self-care, and adherence to treatment |
| Patient activation with attention to emotion and provision of information about treatment decisions | ||
| Greenfield et al, 198814 | Preconsultation interview, skills training and materials | Preconsultation interview about disease course and treatment |
| Patient activation with attention to emotion and provision of information about treatment decisions | ||
| Kaplan et al, 198921 | Preconsultation interview, skills training and materials | Preconsultation interview about disease course, treatment, and self-care |
| Patient activation with attention to emotion and provision of information about treatment decisions | ||
| Thompson et al, 1990a20 | Preconsultation, list of possible health concerns, and leaflet encouraging question asking | Usual care and questionnaire on waiting room facilities |
| Patient activation | ||
| Thompson et al, 1990b20 | Preconsultation, message from physician encouraging question asking, or checklist of information to be obtained during consultation | Usual care and questionnaire on waiting room facilities |
| Patient activation | ||
| Butow et al, 199423 | Preconsultation, leaflet encouraging question asking | Handout on cancer services available |
| Patient activation | ||
| Street et al, 199524 | Multimedia program providing information about disease and treatment and encouragement to ask questions, explain concerns, and offer opinion in consultation | Given same material in brochure form without treatment options. |
| Patient activation with provision of information about disease and treatment and attention to emotion | ||
| McCann & Weinman, 199625 | Preconsultation, leaflet encouraging questions, and ideas about causes, diagnosis, and treatment | leaflet giving dietary advice |
| Patient activation | ||
| Davison & Degner, 199726 | Preclinic interview facilitating provision of information, encouraging questions and participation in decisions | Social interview and unfacilitated information pack |
| Patient activation and provision of information about disease | ||
| Kravitz et al, 199727 | Preconsultation, patient completes request for services and is interviewed on expectations for care in consultation | Usual care |
| Patient activation | ||
| Fleissig et al, 199928 | Preconsultation help card, and encouragement to ask questions | Usual care |
| Patient activation | ||
| Interventions delivered via practitioners | ||
| Thomas, 197829 | During consultation, provision of positive information about diagnosis and treatment | Given positive information that there was no illness |
| Changes style of information giving | ||
| Schulman & Swain, 198030 | During consultation, practitioner provided information about hypertension and its management alone, or with contingency contracting | Usual care |
| Provision of information about disase and discussion of behavior change | ||
| Evans et al, 198731 | Lecture, booklet, discussion | Usual care |
| Communication skills training | ||
| Thomas, 198732 | During consultation, certainty about diagnosis, treatment and prognosis | Uncertainty about diagnosis |
| Changes style of information giving | ||
| Olsson et al, 198933 | During consultation, positive style, personal, with provision of information about disease (prognosis) | Less positive diagnosis, less personal, no information on prognosis |
| Changes style of information giving and provides information about disease | ||
| Savage, 199039 | During consultation, shared style, eliciting patients ideas about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment | Directive style, giving clear information on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis |
| Changes style of information giving | ||
| Evans et al, 199235 | Lectures small groups and videotape feedback | Usual clerking |
| Communication skills training | ||
| Roter et al, 199513 | Course with simulated psychiatric patients and videos | Usual practice |
| Communication skills training with attention to emotion and information about disease management | ||
| Smith et al, 199536 | Communication skills training with discussion of behavior change and skills in disease management | Usual care |
| Meland et al, 199737,38 | Training using video and cognitive self-help materials for patients Discussion of behavior change | Usual care and leaflets |
| Kinmonth et al, 199839 | Communication skills training in listening, eliciting patient’s agenda, and supporting behavior change | Usual care and provision of information on disease |
| Communication skills training, patient activation with attention to emotion, and discussion of behavior change | ||
| Pill et al, 199840 | Practice based training in eliciting patient concerns and discussing behavior change | Usual care |
| Communication skills training, patient activation with attention to emotion, and discussion of behavior change | ||
| Smith et al, 199841 | Course of seminars, video and booklets on communication, and disease management skills | Usual care |
| Communication skills training with attention to emotion, discussion of behavior change | ||
| Peters et al, 199942 | Information leaflets and invitation to consult practice nurse who was trained to present information on disease, risk, and treatment and encourage women to ask questions | Disease information leaflet |
| Patient activation and information about disease management | ||
| Thom et al, 199943 | Workshop | Usual care |
| Communication skills training with patient activation and attention to emotion | ||
| Brown Betz et al, 199944 | Workshops | Usual practice |
| Communication skills training program with attention to emotion | ||
| Interventions delivered both to the patient and to the practitioner | ||
| Lewis et al, 199145 | Separate communication skills training sessions, videos and materials for patients and practitioners | Course on bicycle safety (patient) assessment of febrile child (practitioner) |
| Child patient and parent activation and practitioner communication skills teaching, with attention to emotion | ||
| Katon et al, 199546 | Videos and materials on cognitive-behavioral management of depression and encouraging question asking. Practitioner course on treatment of depression and case-based feedback | Usual care |
| Patient activation, information about disease management and discussion of behavior change | ||
| Rubenstein et al, 199547 | Patients completed functional status questionnaire preconsultation, practitioners taught questionnaire interpretation | Usual care |
| Patient activation, practitioner activated by patient questionnaire | ||
| Joos et al, 199648 | Preconsultation, patient completes request for service form, practitioners taught communication skills | Usual care |
| Patient activation, practitioner activated by patient questionnaire with attention to emotion, and communication skills training | ||
| Hornberger et al, 199749 | Preconsultation, patient completes request for services form including emotional needs | Usual care |
| Patient activation, practitioner activated by patient questionnaire, with attention to emotion | ||
| Wagner et al, 199750 | Preconsultation; patients completed functional status questionnaire in consultation, practitioners taught interpretation | Usual care |
| Patient activation, practitioner activated by patient questionnaire, with attention to emotion | ||
| Maly et al, 199951 | Preconsultation; patient recorded two questions which were attached to the medical record, given medical notes and glossary | Information sheet and patient suggestion list |
| Patient activation, information about disease, and practitioner activated by patient note | ||
| Reuben et al, 199952 | Specialist advice to practitioners via telephone; provision of information about disease and its treatment. Preconsultation booklet and telephone call to patient | Usual care and nonstudy incentives |
| Patient activation and information about disease management | ||