Nonlonely and Lonely Respondents Health Status and Utilization (N = 1,226)
| Measure, mean (SD) | Nonlonely (n = 982) | Lonely (n = 244) | OR (95% CI)a | P | Adj OR1 (95% CI)b | P | Adj OR2 (95% CI)c | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor physical or mental health days | 4.2 (8.2) | 10.4 (11.1) | 1.06 (1.04-1.07) | <.01 | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) | <.01 | 1.05 (1.03-1.07) | <.01 |
| Primary care visits | 3.0 (4.3) | 5.0 (7.0) | 1.07 (1.03-1.10) | <.01 | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | .17 | 1.04 (1.00-1.07) | .03 |
| ED/urgent care visits | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.5 (1.2) | 1.24 (1.12-1.38) | <.01 | 1.09 (0.98-1.22) | .12 | 1.15 (1.04-1.28) | <.01 |
| Hospitalizations | 0.8 (1.4) | 1.6 (2.2) | 1.15 (1.01-1.31) | .04 | 1.02 (0.88-1.17) | .82 | 1.08 (0.94-1.24) | .29 |
Adj = adjusted; ED = emergency department; OR = odds ration; SD = standard deviation.
Note: Poor health days are reported in past month, while utilization measures are numbered in past 12 months.
↵a Odds ratios unadjusted for other patient factors.
↵b Adj OR1 represents odds ratios adjusted for all patient factors (sex, age, race, employment, relationship, location, health).
↵c Adj OR2 represents odds ratios adjusted only for patient demographics significantly associated with loneliness classification (employment, relationship).