Social, Demographic, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients by Pattern of Use of Outpatient Services
| Pattern of Use* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic† | Total Sample (N = 4,463) | Infrequent (n = 1,576) | Lower-Priority (n = 542) | Higher-Priority (n = 2,345) |
| HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; BMI = body mass index. | ||||
| * Infrequent users were 35.3% of the total sample; lower-priority users, 12.1%; and higher-priority users, 52.5%. | ||||
| † Sample size may vary because of missing data. All comparisons across use patterns are statistically significant (P <.001), except for the comparison for race (P = .28). | ||||
| Women, No. (%) | 2,175 (48.7) | 663 (42.1) | 321 (59.2) | 1,191 (50.1) |
| High school education or less, No. (%) | 1,088 (24.7) | 345 (22.1) | 115 (21.4) | 628 (27.1) |
| Marital status, No. (%) | ||||
| Single | 431 (10.0) | 177 (11.3) | 48 (8.9) | 206 (8.9) |
| Married/living as | 2,925 (66.0) | 1,077 (68.8) | 348 (64.6) | 1,500 (64.5) |
| Widowed | 547 (12.4) | 132 (8.4) | 72 (13.4) | 343 (14.8) |
| Divorced or separated | 526 (11.8) | 179 (11.4) | 71 (13.2) | 276 (11.9) |
| Nonwhite race, No. (%) | 892 (20.4) | 334 (37.4) | 111 (12.4) | 447 (50.1) |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 64.9 (12.6) | 60.1 (12.7) | 61.5 (13.7) | 65.8 (13.2) |
| RxRisk comorbidity score, No. (%) | ||||
| <1,300 | 915 (20.5) | 527 (33.4) | 118 (21.8) | 270 (11.5) |
| 1,300–2,599 | 1,147 (25.7) | 506 (32.1) | 145 (26.8) | 496 (21.2) |
| 2,600–4,399 | 1,178 (26.4) | 387 (24.6) | 157 (29.0) | 634 (27.0) |
| ≥ 4,400 | 1,223 (27.4) | 156 (9.9) | 122 (22.5) | 945 (40.3) |
| Diabetes complications, No. (%) | ||||
| 0 | 1,404 (31.4) | 774 (49.1) | 183 (33.8) | 447 (19.1) |
| 1 | 1,405 (31.5) | 549 (34.8) | 199 (36.7) | 657 (28.0) |
| 2 | 853 (19.1) | 187 (11.9) | 112 (20.7) | 554 (23.6) |
| ≥ 3 | 801 (17.9) | 66 (4.2) | 48 (8.9) | 687 (29.3) |
| HbA1C ≥ 8.0%, No. (%) | 1,982 (46.3) | 682 (46.5) | 197 (38.0) | 1,103 (48.2) |
| Treatment intensity, No. (%) | ||||
| None or diet | 1,134 (25.4) | 462 (29.3) | 188 (34.7) | 484 (20.6) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent | 1,986 (44.5) | 790 (50.1) | 252 (46.5) | 944 (40.3) |
| Insulin ± oral hypoglycemic | 1,343 (30.1) | 324 (20.6) | 102 (18.8) | 917 (39.1) |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, No. (%) | 2,147 (48.8) | 727 (46.8) | 308 (58.0) | 1,112 (48.2) |
| Smoking currently, No. (%) | 381 (8.6) | 184 (11.8) | 44 (8.3) | 153 (6.7) |
| Depression status, No. (%) | ||||
| Not depressed | 3,552 (79.5) | 1,344 (85.3) | 410 (75.7) | 1,798 (76.7) |
| Minor depression | 375 (8.4) | 108 (6.9) | 47 (8.7) | 220 (9.4) |
| Major depression | 536 (12.0) | 124 (7.9) | 85 (15.7) | 327 (13.9) |