Self-Care Activities of Patients With Diabetes and Depression in the Past 7 Days at Baseline and at Various Follow-up Times
| Activity | Usual Care (n = 165) Mean (SD)* | Intervention (n = 164) Mean (SD)* | Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|
| CI = confidence interval; BMI = body mass index. | |||
| * Means and SDs are unadjusted. | |||
| † Adjusted mean differences and 95% CIs are based on regression models that adjusted for the baseline value, age, sex, race, education, comorbid conditions other than diabetes and depression, complications, and use of insulin, with variance estimates that accounted for clustering of measurements within patients, patients within physicians, and physicians within clinics. | |||
| ‡ Intervention and usual care groups differ significantly, with adjustment, P ≥ .005. | |||
| § Intervention and usual care groups differ significantly, without adjustment, P ≥ .05 | |||
| ¶ Intervention and usual care groups differ significantly, with adjustment, P ≥ .01. | |||
| Generally healthy diet, number of days | |||
| Baseline | 3.7 (2.1) | 3.7 (2.1) | — |
| 3 mo | 4.3 (2.0) | 4.1 (1.9) | 0.15 (–0.15 to 0.45) |
| 6 mo | 4.4 (1.9) | 4.2 (2.0) | 0.07 (–0.21 to 0.35) |
| 12 mo | 4.5 (2.1) | 4.5 (1.9) | –0.01 (–0.56 to 0.54) |
| Recommended diet, number of days | |||
| Baseline | 3.2 (1.6) | 3.5 (1.7) | — |
| 3 mo | 3.6 (1.7) | 3.8 (1.8) | –0.07 (–0.34 to 0.20) |
| 6 mo | 3.8 (1.7) | 3.9 (1.8) | –0.01 (–0.22 to 0.20) |
| 12 mo | 3.8 (1.8) | 4.1 (1.9) | –0.05 (–0.42 to 0.32) |
| Physical activity (≥ 30 min), number of days | |||
| Baseline | 2.3 (2.2) | 2.6 (2.4) | — |
| 3 mo | 2.7 (2.4) | 2.7 (2.5) | 0.08 (–0.43 to 0.59) |
| 6 mo | 2.4 (2.3) | 2.3 (2.3) | 0.19 (–0.21 to 0.60) |
| 12 mo | 2.6 (2.5) | 2.7 (2.4) | –0.12 (–0.50 to 0.26) |
| Exercise session, number of days | |||
| Baseline‡ | 1.2 (1.8) | 1.9 (2.2) | — |
| 3 mo | 1.7 (2.4) | 1.9 (2.3) | –0.12 (–0.84 to 0.59) |
| 6 mo | 1.7 (2.2) | 1.6 (2.2) | 0.19 (–0.37 to 0.76) |
| 12 mo | 1.6 (2.1) | 1.9 (2.3) | –0.19 (–0.57 to 0.19) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Baseline§ | 36.3 (11.1) | 33.9 (8.6) | — |
| 12 mo¶ | 36.1 (10.0) | 33.0 (7.9) | 0.70 (0.17 to 1.24) |