Types of Food Insecurity Interventions and Quality Scores for Included Studies (N = 23)
| Study | Screened for FI? Y/N (Screening Tool)a | Type of Intervention | Quality (GRADE) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Referral | Food | |||||
| Education & Passive | Navigation & Active | Food Vouchers | Food | |||
| Beck,31 2014 | Y (2-item Hunger VS) | ✔ | ✔ | Low | ||
| Berkowitz,23 2018 | N | ✔ | Moderate | |||
| Bryce,32 2017 | N | ✔ | ✔ | Low | ||
| Cavanagh,25 2017 | N | ✔ | ✔ | Moderate | ||
| Cohen,17 2017 | Y (1-item screener) | ✔ | ✔ | Low | ||
| Fleegler,35 2007 | Y (TOA: 6-item USDA FSS) | ✔ | Very low | |||
| Fox,29 2016 | Y (2-item Hunger VS) | ✔ | ✔ | Very low | ||
| Freedman,33 2013 | Y | ✔ | ✔ | Very low | ||
| Freedman,26 2014 | Y (1-item screener) | ✔ | ✔ | Low | ||
| Gany,38 2015 | Y (18-item USDA FSS) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Very low | |
| Garg,16 2007 | Y (WE CARE: 1-item screener) | ✔ | Moderate | |||
| Garg,22 2015 | Y (WE CARE: Baseline 18-item USDA FSS; F/U 1-item screener) | ✔ | Moderate | |||
| Hassan,37 2015 | Y (TOA: age specific USDA FSS) | ✔ | ✔ | Low | ||
| Knowles,34 2018 | Y (2-item Hunger VS) | ✔ | ✔ | Very low | ||
| Martel,40 2018 | Y (2-item Hunger VS) | ✔ | Very low | |||
| Morales,24 2016 | Y | ✔ | ✔ | Moderate | ||
| Nguyen,27 2016 | N | ✔ | Very low | |||
| Patel,30 2018 | N | ✔ | Low | |||
| Saxe-Custack,36 2018 | N | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Very low | |
| Sege,21 2015 | Y (SEEK: 2-item screener) | ✔ | ✔ | Moderate | ||
| Smith,39 2017 | Y (6-item USDA FSS) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ b | Very low | |
| Watt,18 2015 | N | ✔ | ✔ | Very low | ||
| Weintraub,28 2010 | N | ✔ | ✔ | Low | ||
FI = food insecurity; F/U = follow up; GRADE = Grading Recommedations Assessment Development and Evaluation; N = no; SEEK = Safe Environment for Every Kid49; TOA = The Online Advocate (now known as HelpSteps)48; 2-item Hunger VS = 2-item Hunger Vital Sign; USDA FSS = United States Department of Agriculture-Food Security Survey; WE CARE = Well Child Care, Evaluation, Community Resources, Advocacy, Referral, Education16; Y = yes.
↵a Type of food insecurity screening tool used, if noted in manuscript.
↵b Only a subset of participants, those with diabetes mellitus, were eligible for food.