Baseline Demographic Characteristics by Cohort and Intervention
| Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Usual Care (n = 275) No. (%) | INFOFEED (n = 320) No. (%) | P Value | Usual Care (n = 155) No. (%) | INFOFEED (n = 132) No. (%) | INFOFEED+NE (n = 184) No. (%) | P Value |
| INFOFEED = information and feedback; INFOFEED+NE = information and feedback plus a nurse-educator. | |||||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 49.3 (10.9) | 47.9 (11.1) | .16 | 46.3 (10.7) | 47.0 (11.3) | 46.4 (11.3) | .86 |
| Female | 178 (65) | 208 (66) | .9 | 92 (60) | 89 (68) | 128 (70) | .11 |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 263 (96) | 307 (96) | .38 | 137 (88) | 122 (92) | 177 (96) | .065 |
| American Indian, Alaskan | 3 (1.1) | 6 (1.9) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (3) | 1 (0.54) | ||
| Asian, Islander | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.65) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.54) | ||
| Black | 0 (0) | 1 (0.31) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 1 (0.31) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Other, mixed, unkown | 9 (3.3) | 5 (1.6) | 10 (6.5) | 6 (4.5) | 5 (2.7) | ||
| Education | |||||||
| Less than high school | 10 (3.7) | 15 (4.7) | .052 | 18 (12) | 6 (4.6) | 15 (8.2) | .1 |
| High school graduate | 82 (30) | 64 (20) | 46 (30) | 55 (42) | 62 (34) | ||
| Some college or 2-y degree | 91 (33) | 107 (34) | 61 (40) | 39 (30) | 58 (32) | ||
| College graduate | 32 (12) | 50 (16) | 9 (5.9) | 10 (7.6) | 20 (11) | ||
| Postgraduate or advanced degree | 58 (21) | 83 (26) | 19 (12) | 21 (16) | 28 (15) | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 26 (9.6) | 34 (11) | .91 | 20 (13) | 16 (12) | 19 (10) | .94 |
| Married | 194 (71) | 216 (68) | 86 (56) | 71 (54) | 106 (58) | ||
| Separated | 1 (0.37) | 1 (0.31) | 6 (3.9) | 7 (5.3) | 8 (4.4) | ||
| Divorced | 37 (14) | 51 (16) | 34 (22) | 34 (26) | 45 (25) | ||
| Widowed | 14 (5.1) | 16 (5) | 7 (4.6) | 4 (3) | 4 (2.2) | ||
| Employment status | |||||||
| Working full-time | 167 (61) | 180 (57) | .84 | 67 (44) | 54 (41) | 79 (43) | .24 |
| Working part-time | 42 (15) | 54 (17) | 25 (16) | 24 (18) | 22 (12) | ||
| Homemaker | 15 (5.5) | 22 (7) | 13 (8.5) | 12 (9.1) | 10 (5.5) | ||
| Disabled | 13 (4.8) | 16 (5.1) | 36 (24) | 25 (19) | 43 (23) | ||
| Unemployed | 5 (1.8) | 8 (2.5) | 6 (3.9) | 6 (4.5) | 6 (3.3) | ||
| Retired | 30 (11) | 36 (11) | 6 (3.9) | 11 (8.3) | 20 (11) | ||
| Student | 1 (0.37) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.6) | ||
| Duration of pain problems | |||||||
| 3 yrs or less | 130 (49) | 150 (49) | .97 | 63 (42) | 34 (27) | 58 (32) | .029 |
| 4 yrs or more | 136 (51) | 158 (51) | 86 (58) | 90 (73) | 121 (68) | ||
| Substance abuse | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 17 (16) | 20 (25) | 11 (8.4) | .005 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| High blood pressure | 64 (23) | 63 (20) | .34 | 42 (27) | 40 (30) | 49 (27) | .76 |
| Heart trouble or hardening of arteries | 16 (5.9) | 22 (6.9) | .72 | 10 (6.5) | 14 (11) | 17 (9.2) | .45 |
| Diabetes | 22 (8.1) | 16 (5) | .19 | 17 (11) | 16 (12) | 20 (11) | .94 |
| Arthritis | 87 (32) | 102 (32) | .99 | 49 (32) | 53 (40) | 78 (42) | .12 |
| Asthma, bronchitis or emphysema | 35 (13) | 42 (13) | .97 | 30 (19) | 23 (17) | 49 (27) | .11 |
| Serious obesity | 46 (17) | 33 (10) | .03 | 31 (20) | 33 (25) | 41 (22) | .62 |