Table 1

Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Parents Living With Their Children^a by Past 12 Months OUD or Other SUD Status,^b 2015-2017

	OUD		P Value for Difference^c	SUDs Except OUD [Ref]
	n	% (95% CI)	P Value for Difference^c	n	% (95% CI)
Age group, y
≤25	103	11.0 (7.8, 14.1)	0.59	652	10.0 (8.8, 11.2)
26-34	171	35.4 (28.6, 42.1)	0.31	1,001	31.5 (28.8, 34.1)
≥35	172	53.7 (46.3, 61.0)	0.20	1,302	58.5 (56.0, 61.0)
Female sex	251	48.9 (42.8, 54.9)	0.04	1,408	42.6 (40.0, 45.3)
Family income as a % of the federal poverty level^d
<100	162	29.0 (23.2, 34.7)	0.00	719	19.4 (17.3, 21.4)
100-200	135	28.6 (22.4, 34.8)	0.11	752	22.9 (20.7, 25.1)
>200	149	42.5 (34.3, 50.7)	0.00	1,484	57.7 (55.3, 60.2)
Race or Hispanic origin
Non-Hispanic white	307	73.6 (66.7, 80.6)	0.00	1,720	61.9 (59.7, 64.2)
Other	139	26.4 (19.4, 33.3)	0.00	1,235	38.1 (35.8, 40.3)
Insurance status, current
Any private, including military	152	40.2 (32.4, 47.9)	0.00	1,654	63.5 (61.0, 65.9)
Medicaid	191	35.3 (30.4, 40.2)	0.00	755	18.8 (16.9, 20.7)
Other insurance	30	9.0 (4.9, 13.1)	0.05	152	4.6 (3.6, 5.7)
No insurance	73	15.6 (10.7, 20.4)	0.30	394	13.1 (11.3, 15.0)
Self-reported fair or poor health	119	29.7 (24.1, 35.4)	0.00	358	12.0 (10.2, 13.8)
Mental health, past 12 mo^e
Suicidal thoughts and behavior	90	20.1 (15.4, 24.8)	0.00	368	10.6 (9.2, 11.9)
Major depressive episode	115	25.1 (19.7, 30.4)	0.00	528	16.4 (14.5, 18.4)
Any mental illness	279	61.9 (55.9, 67.9)	0.00	1,279	40.3 (37.9, 42.6)
Serious mental illness	106	23.5 (19.0, 28.0)	0.00	420	13.2 (11.6, 14.7)
SUDs, past 12 mo
OUD without another SUD	247	57.8 (51.2, 64.5)	n.a.	0	n.a.
Other SUDs	199	42.2 (35.5, 48.8)	n.a.	2,955	100.0
Alcohol use disorder	107	22.4 (17.3, 27.6)	0.00	2,440	85.7 (83.9, 87.6)
Marijuana	54	12.8 (8.4, 17.2)	0.82	472	13.3 (11.7, 15.0)
Cocaine, including crack	32	6.0 (3.3, 8.7)	0.04	80	2.8 (1.9, 3.7)
Methamphetamines	44	9.2 (5.4, 13.0)	0.00	126	3.4 (2.6, 4.2)
Tranquilizers	50	9.8 (6.4, 13.1)	0.00	58	1.6 (1.0, 2.2)
Other^f	44	7.7 (4.8, 10.7)	0.00	82	2.4 (1.7, 3.1)
Sample size	446			2,955
Rate among parents living with their children	446	0.9 (0.8, 1.0)	0.00	2,955	5.9 (5.6, 6.1)

NSDUH = National Survey of Drug Use and Health; OUD = opioid use disorder; Ref = reference; SUD = substance use disorder.
↵a Defined as any parent living with a child aged <18 years in the household; sample size 44,464 for 2015-2017.
↵b Estimates are derived from the pooled 2015-2017 NSDUH and adhere to NSDUH requirements for estimation and suppression.⁹
↵c Two-sided t test used to compare difference in means between parents with OUD living with their children and parents with another SUD but not OUD living with their children.
↵d NSDUH computes this measure by using each sample person’s age, family size, number of children in the household, and family income, including any imputed income. Because the income questions ask about total family income in $10,000 increments, the computation assumes the midpoint of the category.
↵e Mental illnesses are defined as a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders, which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. These mental illness estimates are not direct measures of diagnostic status. Serious mental illness is defined as mental illness that results in serious functional impairment, which substantially interferes with or limits ≥1 major life activities. For details on the methods, see Section D of the 2016 NSDUH: Methodological Summary and Definitions.⁹
↵f Includes use disorders for sedatives, inhalants, prescription stimulants, and hallucinogens.