Program Impact on Parenting Attitudes and Beliefs
| Mean Score (SD)* by Year of Follow-up | Difference in Score Change† Home Visit vs Control | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parenting Measure | Group | Year 1 (n = 62) | Year 2 (n = 63) | β‡ | 95% CI | P Value |
| AAPI = Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory; CI = confidence interval. | ||||||
| * Higher scores indicate better parenting. | ||||||
| † A greater mean difference indicates greater benefit of the home-visiting program relative to the control condition. | ||||||
| ‡ Determined by generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression analysis with change in parenting score from baseline to follow-up as the outcome, adjusting for age, baseline parenting score, and baseline depressive symptoms. | ||||||
| Total AAPI score, mean (SD) | Home visit | 119.6 (14.6) | 122.0 (17.2) | 5.5 | 0.5 to 10.4 | .03 |
| Control | 110.1 (13.7) | 111.8 (14.7) | ||||
| AAPI subscale scores, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Appropriate expectations | Home visit | 24.4 (2.8) | 24.9 (3.3) | 1.1 | 0.1 to 2.1 | .02 |
| Control | 23.0 (2.3) | 23.3 (2.4) | ||||
| Empathy | Home visit | 29.2 (4.3) | 30.9 (4.2) | 1.7 | 0.3 to 3.4 | <.05 |
| Control | 27.0 (4.3) | 27.5 (4.8) | ||||
| Avoidance of physical punishment | Home visit | 37.3 (5.2) | 36.8 (6.9) | 1.8 | −0.4 to 4.0 | .10 |
| Control | 34.7 (6.1) | 34.2 (5.7) | ||||
| Avoidance of role reversal | Home visit | 28.6 (6.5) | 29.4 (7.7) | 1.3 | −1.1 to 3.7 | .28 |
| Control | 25.4 (5.4) | 26.7 (6.4) | ||||