Sex |
Male (817) | 25 | .03 | 1.0 (referent) |
Female (284) | 32 | | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) |
Primary specialty |
Family practice (156) | 31 | | 1.0 (referent) |
General internal medicine (128) | 26 | | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) |
Medicine subspecialties (223) | 21 | | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) |
Obstetrics and gynecology (77) | 23 | .04 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) |
General pediatrics (84) | 34 | | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) |
Pediatric subspecialties (55) | 38 | | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) |
Psychiatry (96) | 40 | | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) |
Surgical subspecialties (97) | 25 | | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) |
Other (185) | 21 | | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) |
Religious characteristics |
Spirituality |
Low (283) | 21 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Moderate (516) | 26 | .02 | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) |
High (287) | 32 | | 1.7 (1.1–2.7)† |
Intrinsic religiosity |
Low (394) | 27 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Moderate (281) | 22 | .15 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
High (388) | 29 | | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
Attendance at religious services |
Never (112) | 28 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Once a month or less (480) | 26 | .90 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
Twice a month or more (499) | 26 | | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
Religious affiliation |
None (110) | 35 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Catholic (236) | 26 | | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) |
Jewish (173) | 16 | .02 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6)† |
Other religion (135) | 28 | | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) |
Protestant (418) | 28 | | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
Religious beliefs influence medicine |
Strongly disagree/disagree (467) | 26 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Agree (415) | 23 | .005 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
Strongly agree (202) | 36 | | 1.6 (1.1–2.5)† |
Intrinsic motivations for work |
Family emphasized service to poor |
Strongly disagree/disagree (225) | 20 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Agree (533) | 27 | .05 | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) |
Strongly agree (329) | 31 | | 1.7 (1.0–2.7)† |
Practice of medicine is a calling |
Strongly disagree/disagree (302) | 25 | | 1.0 (referent) |
Agree (427) | 25 | .22 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
Strongly agree (343) | 31 | | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |