Trials of Antihypertensive Agents With Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes
| Trial, year | Racial Subgroups No. (%) | Study Sites | Drug Intervention | Follow-up Mean, y | Inclusion Criteria | Subgroups Compared | Baseline Differences (vs Whites) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ASA = acetylsalicylic acid; BMI = body mass index; CAD/CHD = coronary artery (heart) disease; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CV = cardiovascular; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; HTN = hypertension; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; TIA = transient ischemic attack. | |||||||
| Characteristics of studies with racial outcome data | |||||||
| ALLHAT,28–31 2002 | White 19,977 (47) Black 15,085 (35.5) Hispanic 5,299 (12.5) Other 2,058 (5) | USA, Canada | Chlorthalidone vs doxazosin, amlodipine, or lisinopril | 4.9 | Aged >55 y, HTN, prior CAD, or 1 risk factor | Blacks, nonblacks | Blacks: age, baseline CVD, DM, LVH (P<.001) |
| INVEST,32,33 2003 | White 10,925 (48.3) Black 3,029 (13.4) Asian 149 (0.8) Hispanic 8,045 (35.6) Other 428 (1.9) | North & Latin America, Europe | Verapamil-based vs atenolol-based | 2.7 | Aged >50 y, HTN, known CAD | Blacks, Hispanics, white, other | Hispanic & black: age, DM, ASA/statin use (P<.001) Blacks: LVH, BMI, CKD (P<.001) |
| PROGRESS,34,35 2001 | White 3,770 (62) Asian 2,335 (38) | Europe, China, Japan | Perindopril ± indapamide vs placebo | 3.9 | No age limits, previous CVA or TIA ± HTN | Asians, westerners | |
| VALUE,36–38 2004 | White 13,643 (89.1) Black 658 (4.3) Asian 535 (3.5) Other 474 (3.1) | USA, Western Europe | Valsartan-based vs amlodipine-based | 4.2 | Aged >50 y, HTN, 2-3 CV risk factors | Asian, blacks, white, other | |
| LIFE,39–41 2002 | White 8,503 (92) Black 533 (6) Asian 43 (1) Hispanic 100 (1) | Europe, USA | Losartan vs atenolol | 4.8 | Aged 55-80 y, HTN, LVH | Blacks, nonblacks | Blacks: age, DM, CKD, smoking (P <.001) |
| Studies In single racial/ethnic group | |||||||
| NICS-EH42 | Asian 414 (100) | Japan, multiple centers | Nicardipine vs trichlormethiazide | 5.0 | Aged >60 y, HTN, no prior CVD | ||
| JMIC,43 2004 | Asian 1,650 (100) | Japan, multiple centers | Nifedipine vs ACE inhibitors (varied types) | 3.0 | Aged <75 y, HTN, known | ||
| FEVER,44 2005 | Asian 9,711 (100) | China, multiple centers | Hydrochlorothiazide + feldopine vs hydrochlorothiazide + placebo | 3.3 | Aged 50-79 y, HTN, 2 CV risk factors | ||