Basic Types of Disease Management Programs
| Characteristic | Integrated | Nonintegrated |
|---|---|---|
| Ownership | Not-for-profit managed care organizations | For-profit commercial vendors |
| Locus | Institutional-based | Outsourced |
| Linkage to primary care physicians | Strong | Weak to none |
| Patient participation | System-based for all | Optional |
| Program horizon | Long-term | Short-term |
| Motivation | Quality-oriented | Profit-oriented |