Comparison of Organizational Attributes and Market Orientation Across Practices
| Minimum Pairwise Adjusted P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Practices With NPsa (n=9) | Practices With PAsa (n=9) | Practices With Physicians Onlya (n=28) | Practice Levelb | Staff Levelc |
| NP = nurse-practitioner; PA = physician’s assistant; SEM = standard error of the mean. | |||||
| Note: Organizational attributes are expressed as mean (SEM) scores on scales ranging from 1 to 5, where higher scores indicate stronger staff endorsement of the attribute; market orientation is expressed as the No. (%) of practices that had above-median staff ratings for being market driven. | |||||
| a Unadjusted practice-level scores. | |||||
| b Calculated using analysis of covariance with practice-averaged scores as the response variable, controlling for practice size. | |||||
| c Calculated using hierarchical models with staff members’ responses as the response variable, controlling for staff member sex and role within the practice as well as practice size. | |||||
| d Shows marginal significance between physician-only practices and practices with NPs. No other pairwise comparisons had P values <.05. | |||||
| Organizational attributes, mean (SEM) | |||||
| Busyness | 3.16d (0.20) | 3.18 (0.20) | 2.66d (0.12) | .03d | .04d |
| Practicewide decision making | 3.31 (0.21) | 3.06 (0.20) | 3.48 (0.12) | .55 | .28 |
| Participation of nurses in decision making | 3.71 (0.19) | 3.49 (0.17) | 3.79 (0.11) | .82 | .66 |
| Communication | 3.30 (0.21) | 3.02 (0.20) | 3.57 (0.12) | .31 | .21 |
| Change | 3.03 (0.16) | 3.24 (0.17) | 3.01 (0.10) | .68 | .22 |
| Market orientation, No. (%) | 3 (33) | 6 (67) | 14 (50) | .26 | .24 |