Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Randomized Controlled Trials of Barley

Reference	Design	Type of Patient	Double-Blinding	N^a	Duration of Treatment (wk)	Preparation of Barley	β-Glucan Intake per Day	Concurrent Diet Modification
HMW or LMW = high or low molecular weight β-glucan; NR = not reported; step I diet = diet consisting total fat to ≤30% of total calories, saturated fat to ≤10% of total calories, and cholesterol to 300 mg/d.
^a Number of patients evaluated.
^b Crossover trial treated as parallel trial with only the first phase of the study data taken into account.
Shimizu et al,¹⁶ 2007	Parallel	Hypercholesterolemic	Yes	39	12	Pearled barley	7 g	None
Keenan et al,¹⁷ 2007	Parallel	Hypercholesterolemic	Yes	155	6	Barley concentrate in cereal and juice	3 or 5 g of either HMW or LMW	Low saturated (<10%) & low trans unsaturated fat diet
Biörklund et al,¹⁸ 2005	Parallel	Hypercholesterolemic	No	55	5	Barley concentrate as beverage	5 or 10 g	None
Keogh et al,¹⁹ 2003	Crossover	Hypercholesterolemic	No	18	4	Naturally extracted barley β-glucan as a gel	9.9 g	None
Li et al, ²² 2003	Crossover	Healthy	No	10	4	Barley bran in whole grain	NR	None
Lupton et al,²⁰ 1994	Parallel	Hypercholesterolemic	No	79	4	Barley bran flour or oil extract in capsules	NR	Step I diet
McIntosh et al,²¹ 1991	Parallel^b	Hypercholesterolemic	No	21	4	Barley grain (bran and flakes)	8 g	None
Newman et al,¹⁰ 1989	Parallel	Healthy	No	14	4	Barley grain flour in cereal and baked goods	4.5 g	None