List of Variables Included in Analysis
| Vulnerability Item | Response Type |
|---|---|
| a Frequency: 0 = never or rarely, to 3 = almost all the time. | |
| b Feeling: 1 = not at all, to 5 = very much. | |
| c Likert: 0=strongly disagree, to 5=strongly agree. | |
| d Comparative scale: 0 = moderately below average to 6 = extremely above average (1–6). | |
| Demographic factors | |
| Age | Years |
| Sex | Male or female |
| Mother’s years of education | Years |
| Father’s years of education | Years |
| Ethnicity | Self-report |
| General health | |
| Height | Height in meters |
| Weight | Weight in kilograms |
| Body mass index | kg/m2 |
| “Do you usually get enough sleep?” | Yes/no |
| Interpersonal relations (peers) | |
| “You felt lonely.” | Frequencya |
| “I feel socially accepted.” | Frequency |
| Interpersonal relations (family) | |
| “How close do you feel to (Mom’s name)” | Feelingb |
| “How close do you feel to (Dad’s name)” | Feeling |
| Closeness to either parent was constructed from higher value of close to mom and close to dad. | Feeling |
| “How much do you feel that adults care about you?” | Likertc |
| “Please tell me whether you are a member of any of the following: parent teacher association.” | Yes/no |
| “How much do you feel that your family pays attention to you?” | Likert |
| “How much do you feel that people in your family understand you?” | Likert |
| “How much do you feel that you want to leave home?” | Feeling |
| Cognitive | |
| “Compared with other people your age, how intelligent are you?” | Comparative scaled |
| “I like myself just the way I am.” | Likert |
| “You felt that people disliked you.” | Frequency |
| “People were unfriendly to you.” | Likert |
| “You thought your life had been a failure.” | Frequency |
| “You felt hopeful about the future.” | Frequency |
| “What is your religion? (yes if respondent answered with a religion)” | Yes/no |
| “You usually go out of your way to avoid having to deal with problems in your life.” | Likert |
| Behavioral activation | |
| “During the past week, how many times did you play an active sport, such as baseball, softball, basketball, soccer, swimming, or football?” | Number of times in past week |
| “How much do you feel that you and your family have fun together?” | Likert |
| Delinquency | |
| Constructed from answers about various violent acts. | Yes/no |
| Constructed from: In the past 12 months: How often did you run away from home? | Frequency |
| Affect regulation | |
| “In the past year how often: have you had trouble relaxing.” | Frequency |
| “Please tell me how often you have had each of the following conditions in the past 12 months: moodiness” | Frequency |
| Anxiety | |
| “Over the past week: You felt fearful.” | Frequency |
| Depressed mood | |
| “You were bothered by things that usually don’t bother you.” | Frequency |
| “You didn’t feel like eating, your appetite was poor.” | Frequency |
| “You felt that you could not shake off the blues, even with help from your family and your friends.” | Frequency |
| “You had trouble keeping your mind on what you were doing.” | Frequency |
| “You felt depressed.” | Frequency |
| “ You felt that you were too tired to do things.” | Frequency |
| “Over the past week: You were happy” | Frequency |
| “Over the past week: You talked less than usual.” | Frequency |
| “Over the past week: You enjoyed life.” | Frequency |
| “Over the past week: You felt sad.” | Frequency |
| “Over the past week: It was hard to get started doing things.” | Frequency |