Baseline Characteristics of Patients
| Characteristic | ATSM (n=112) | Usual Care (n=114) | PValue |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATSM = Automated telephone self-management support; BMI = body mass index; GED = general equivalency diploma; HbA1c=hemoglobin A1c. | |||
| a Health literacy based on scores on the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOF-HLA), except for Cantonese patients (n = 39), for whom these scores were not obtained. Health literacy was defined as inadequate (0–16), marginal (17–22), or adequate (23–36). | |||
| b Fisher exact test. | |||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 55.9 (12.7) | 55.8 (11.8) | .9 |
| Women, % | 58.0 | 55.3 | .4 |
| Ethnic group, % | |||
| Asian | 26.8 | 21.9 | .5 |
| African American | 14.3 | 23.7 | |
| Hispanic white | 46.4 | 48.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 9.8 | 5.3 | |
| Other/unknown | 2.7 | 0.9 | |
| Language, % | |||
| English | 46.4 | 44.7 | 1.0 |
| Spanish | 42.0 | 43.9 | |
| Cantonese | 11.6 | 11.4 | |
| Health literacy, %a | |||
| Inadequate | 43.9 | 54.0 | .1 |
| Marginal | 7.1 | 14.0 | |
| Adequate | 49.0 | 32.0 | |
| Education | |||
| Some high school | 51.8 | 55.3 | .6 |
| High school graduate/GED | 14.3 | 19.3 | |
| Some college | 33.9 | 25.4 | |
| Insurance, % | |||
| Medi-Cal | 20.5 | 16.7 | .9 |
| Medicare | 19.6 | 21.9 | |
| Uninsured | 50.0 | 54.4 | |
| Other | 9.8 | 7.0 | |
| Annual income, % | |||
| <$5,000 | 26.9 | 27.3 | .4 |
| $5,000–$10,000 | 31.5 | 30.3 | |
| $10,000–$20,000 | 18.0 | 29.3 | |
| $20,000–$30,000 | 14.6 | 7.1 | |
| >$30,000 | 9.0 | 6.0 | |
| Diabetes duration, mean (SD), years | 9.1 (7.3) | 10.4 (8.1) | .3 |
| Diabetic educator visit year prior, % | 58.0 | 53.5 | .4 |
| Nutritionist visit year prior, % | 34.8 | 37.7 | .7 |
| Diabetes treatment regimen, % | |||
| Diet only | 0.0 | 2.7 | .8b |
| Oral agents only | 63.4 | 59.8 | |
| Insulin only | 10.7 | 9.8 | |
| Insulin and oral agents | 25.9 | 27.7 | |
| Poor or fair health, % | 74.1 | 78.1 | .8 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 9.3 (1.8) | 9.8 (2.0) | .2 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 137.8 (21.5) | 138.7 (20.7) | .1 |
| Diastolic | 75.7 (12.1) | 77.8 (11.2) | .2 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 30.3 (6.7) | 32.3 (13.5) | .3 |